芰

Translingual

Han character

芰 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿十水 (TJE), four-corner 4440₇, composition ⿱艹支)

1. water caltrop

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30733
• Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3178, character 8
• Unihan data for U+82B0

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Chinese

trad.		芰
simp. #		芰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 芰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (支) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
支	*kje
枝	*kje
肢	*kje
汥	*kje, *ɡe, *ɡres
衼	*kje
馶	*kje, *qʰjes, *kes, *ɡe
鳷	*kje
忮	*kjes
伎	*kjes, *ɡe, *ɡreʔ
豉	*ɡjes
翅	*qʰjes
翄	*qʰjes, *ɡe
妓	*kre, *ɡreʔ
庋	*kreʔ, *kʷreʔ
跂	*kʰeʔ, *kʰes, *ɡe
蚑	*kʰes, *ɡe
吱	*kʰes
岐	*ɡe
歧	*ɡe
鬾	*ɡre, *ɡres
技	*ɡreʔ
芰	*ɡres
攱	*kʷreʔ, *kʷres
庪	*kʷreʔ
頍	*kʰʷeʔ
屐	*ɡreɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gei⁶
    • Yale: geih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: gjeH

Rime
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	奇寄切
Baxter	gjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɡjeH/
Wang Li	/ɡǐeH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]re-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡres/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ gjeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]re-s/
English	water-chestnut
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芰
Reading #	1/1
No.	17232
Phonetic component	支
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	芰
Old Chinese	/*ɡres/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 芰

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

芰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. water caltrop

Readings

• Go-on: ぎ (gi)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: ひし (hishi, 芰)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
芰
ひし Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

Noun

芰(ひし) or 芰(ヒシ) • (hishi) 

1. Alternative spelling of 菱 (hishi): , a species of water caltrop

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Korean

Hanja

芰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

1. (마름): water caltrop, (also implausibly) water chestnut
   • 1431: 鄕藥採取月令 十二月 (향약채취월령 십이월, hyang-yag-chaechwi-wolryeong sib-iwol):

     芰實鄕名末栗 (기실향명말밤, gisil-hyangmyeong-malbam, "The folk name of the water caltrop fruit is coarse chestnut.")

Synonyms

• 菱
• 藻

• 末栗 (말밤, malbam)