釵

See also: 钗

Translingual

Han character

釵 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 金水戈 (CEI), four-corner 8714₀, composition ⿰釒叉)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1297, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40191
• Dae Jaweon: page 1800, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4173, character 14
• Unihan data for U+91F5

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Chinese

trad.		釵
simp.		钗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (叉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
叉	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
杈	*sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
靫	*sʰraːl, *sʰreːl
汊	*sʰraːls
衩	*sʰraːls, *sʰreːls
扠	*hr'eːl
釵	*sʰreːl
芆	*sʰreːl
訍	*sʰreːls

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chāi (chai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caai¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thoe / chhai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chai
    • Wade–Giles: chʻai¹
    • Yale: chāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chai
    • Palladius: чай (čaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caai¹
    • Yale: chāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoe / chhai
    • Tâi-lô: thue / tshai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toef, zhay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰue⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue³³/, /t͡sʰai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰue⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰue⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰue⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰai⁴⁴/

Note: thoe - vernacular, chhai - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: tsrhea

Rime
Character	釵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚佳切
Baxter	tsrhea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰæi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛ/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰai/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰai/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caai1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	釵
Reading #	1/1
No.	1182
Phonetic component	叉
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	釵
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 釵

1. ornamental hairpin

Synonyms

• 鈿／钿 (diàn)

References

• “Query for 釵”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

釵

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: せ (se)
• Kan-on: さい (sai)
• Kan’yō-on: さ (sa)
• Kun: かんざし (kanzashi), かざし (kazashi)

Etymology 1

釵 (sai): An antique Okinawan sai.

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 釵 (*chrɛi). Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin 釵／钗 (chāi, “hairpin; sai (weapon)”).

This character was originally used in Japanese to mean (ornamental) hairpin, and was read with a kun'yomi of kanzashi. The similarity in shape between a hairpin and the weapon called a sai later led to this character being used to refer to the weapon. In modern Japanese, this character is read primarily with its on'yomi of sai, and is used to refer to the weapon. The hairpin sense and kanzashi reading are more often spelled 簪.

Noun

釵(さい) • (sai) 

1. (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords

See also

• 十手 (じって, ​jitte)

Etymology 2

釵 (kanzashi): A 舞子 (maiko, “apprentice geisha”) with the willow-themed kanzashi for the month of June.

/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/

Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese combining form) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”). The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Alternative forms

• 簪, 髪挿, 鈿

Noun

釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) 

1. a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles

Usage notes

This sense is more commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.

Etymology 3

May be a sound shift from kanzashi.

/kanzaɕi/ → /kazaɕi/

Alternately, this may be a compound of 髪 (ka, “hair”, apophonic form of 毛 ke “hair”) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”).

A folk etymology occasionally encountered is that this as a compound of 花 (ka, “flower”) + 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through”), as many decorative hairpins have floral themes. However, this etymology would mix the Chinese-derived on'yomi of ka and the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese-derived kun'yomi of sashi, which seems less probable than the above two possibilities.

Alternative forms

• 挿頭

Noun

釵(かざし) • (kazashi) 

1. (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)

Related terms

• 挿頭(かざ)す (kazasu): to stick in one's hair (as for decoration); to add decoration on top of something

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Korean

Hanja

釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 釵 (thoa, soa, sai)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.