闞

See also: 阚

Translingual

Han character

闞 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一十大 (ANMJK), four-corner 7714₈, composition ⿵門敢)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1341, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41484
• Dae Jaweon: page 1846, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 6
• Unihan data for U+95DE

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Chinese

trad.		闞
simp.		阚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撖	*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀	*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kàn (kan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³ / ham⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kàn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan⁴
    • Yale: kàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kann
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham³ / ham⁶
    • Yale: ham / hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham³ / ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem³ / hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/, /hɐm²²/

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• Middle Chinese: khamH

Rime
Character	闞
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦濫切
Baxter	khamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰamH/
Li Rong	/kʰɑmH/
Wang Li	/kʰɑmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闞
Reading #	1/3
No.	3678
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	闞
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 闞

1. (literary) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 瞰 (kàn, “to glance; to peep; to visit”).
2. (literary) to approach; to be near to
3. a surname

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hǎn (han³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hǎn
    • Wade–Giles: han³
    • Yale: hǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haan
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haam²
    • Yale: háam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: xeamX

Rime
Character	闞
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	火斬切
Baxter	xeamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠɛmX/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚæmX/
Shao Rongfen	/xɐmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həɨmX/
Li Rong	/xɐmX/
Wang Li	/xɐmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰreːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闞
Reading #	2/3
No.	3683
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	闞
Old Chinese	/*qʰreːmʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 闞

1. (literary) angry roaring or growling (of tiger)

   alt. forms: 㘚／㘎 (hǎn)

2. (literary) loud

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haam³
    • Yale: haam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm³³/

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• Middle Chinese: xaemH

Rime
Character	闞
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許鑑切
Baxter	xaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠamH/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚamH/
Shao Rongfen	/xamH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨmH/
Li Rong	/xamH/
Wang Li	/xamH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xamH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋraːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闞
Reading #	3/3
No.	3688
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㒈
Old Chinese	/*hŋraːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 闞

1. ^‡ sound of dogs (Guangyun); sound of angry beasts (Jiyun)

References

• “闞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

闞

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan), けん (ken)
• Kun: のぞむ (nozomu)

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Korean

Hanja

闞 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.