養

See also: 养

Translingual

Han character

養 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人戈日女 (TOIAV), four-corner 8073₂, composition ⿱𦍌食)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44144
• Dae Jaweon: page 1943, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4452, character 8
• Unihan data for U+990A

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Chinese

trad.		養
simp.		养

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (養) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鯗	*slaŋʔ
養	*laŋʔ, *laŋs
癢	*laŋʔ
瀁	*laŋʔ, *laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 食 (“to feed”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yǎng (yang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ён (i͡on, II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ióng / iáng / iúⁿ / ióⁿ / chiūⁿ / chiōⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ion² / iên² / iang²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yan

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎng
    • Wade–Giles: yang³
    • Yale: yǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeang
    • Palladius: ян (jan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ён (i͡on, II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɑŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joeng⁵
    • Yale: yéuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông
    • Hakka Romanization System: iong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
    • Tâi-lô: ióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng
    • Tâi-lô: iáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iarng
    • IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iúⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iúnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: viuo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iũ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iũ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: iónn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: vioir
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔ̃⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siũ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siũ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvioi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔ̃²²/

Note:

• ióng/iáng - literary;
• iúⁿ/ióⁿ/chiūⁿ/chiōⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ion² / iên² / iang²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ióⁿ / iéⁿ / iáng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ĩõ⁵²/, /ĩẽ⁵²/, /iaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• ion2/iên2 - vernacular (iên2 - Chaozhou);
• iang2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yan
    • MiniDict: yan^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²³/

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• Middle Chinese: yangX

Rime
Character	養
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘兩切
Baxter	yangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/iaŋX/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)aŋʔ/, /*[ɢ]aŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	養	養
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng	yǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ yangX ›	‹ yangX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)aŋʔ/	/*[ɢ]aŋʔ/
English	long, longing	nourish, raise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養
Reading #	1/2
No.	14613
Phonetic component	養
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	養
Old Chinese	/*laŋʔ/
Notes	說文羊聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 養

1. to raise; to rear; to bring up
2. to support
3. 81st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "fostering" (𝍖)
4. (Sichuanese) you (formal)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yàng (yang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yàng
    • Wade–Giles: yang⁴
    • Yale: yàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanq
    • Palladius: ян (jan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joeng⁶
    • Yale: yeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: yangH

Rime
Character	養
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘亮切
Baxter	yangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/iaŋH/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養
Reading #	2/2
No.	14616
Phonetic component	養
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	漾
Old Chinese	/*laŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 養

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• 藍勇. 第十三章：歷史時期西南綜合文化區的劃分. 《西南歷史文化地理》. 西南師範大學出版社. 1997. →ISBN.
• “養”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

養

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kun: やしなう (yashinau, 養う, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 養育(よういく) (yōiku)
• 養家(ようか) (yōka)
• 養魚(ようぎょ) (yōgyo): fish farming, fish breeding, fish culture, pisciculture
• 養鶏(ようけい) (yōkei): poultry farming, chicken raising
• 養子(ようし) (yōshi)
• 養殖(ようしょく) (yōshoku)
• 養成(ようせい) (yōsei)
• 養豚(ようとん) (yōton): porciculture
• 養父(ようふ) (yōfu)
• 養分(ようぶん) (yōbun)
• 養母(ようぼ) (yōbo)
• 養鯉(ようり) (yōri): carp farming
• 養老(ようろう) (yōrō): Retired

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Korean

Hanja

養 • (yang) (hangeul 양)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 養 (dưỡng, dẳng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.