鰻

See also: 鳗

Translingual

Han character

鰻 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+11, 22 strokes, cangjie input 弓火日田水 (NFAWE), four-corner 2634₇, composition ⿰魚曼)

1. eel

Descendants

• 鳗

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1477, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46443
• Dae Jaweon: page 2008, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4710, character 8
• Unihan data for U+9C3B

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Chinese

trad.		鰻
simp.		鳗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
獌	*mroːn, *moːns, *mons
鬘	*mroːn
謾	*mroːn, *mroːns, *mon, *moːn, *moːns
慢	*mroːns
嫚	*mroːns
縵	*mroːns, *moːns
曼	*moːn, *mons
饅	*moːn
蔓	*moːn, *mons
鰻	*moːn, *mons
墁	*moːn, *moːns
鏝	*moːn, *moːns
槾	*moːn
漫	*moːns
幔	*moːns
蟃	*mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mán (man²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁴ / maan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): màn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): môa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): muan⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mán
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mán
    • Wade–Giles: man²
    • Yale: mán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: man
    • Palladius: мань (manʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /män³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maan⁴ / maan⁶
    • Yale: màahn / maahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁴ / maan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: man⁴ / man⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²¹/, /maːn²²/

Note: maan6 - common variant.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màn
    • Hakka Romanization System: manˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: man²
    • Sinological IPA: /man¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
    • Tâi-lô: muâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
    • IPA (Xiamen): /muã²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /muã²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: muan⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mũã⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: man, mjonH

Rime
Character	鰻	鰻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	母官切	無販切
Baxter	man	mjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑn/	/mʉɐnH/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑn/	/mʷiɐnH/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑn/	/miuɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwan/	/muanH/
Li Rong	/muɑn/	/miuɐnH/
Wang Li	/muɑn/	/mĭwɐnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑn/	/mi̯wɐnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mán	wàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun4	maan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*moːn/, /*mons/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鰻	鰻
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8744	8758
Phonetic component	曼	曼
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	瞞	万
Old Chinese	/*moːn/	/*mons/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 鰻

1. eel

Descendants

• → Indonesian: mua

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

鰻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. eel

Readings

• Go-on: まん (man); もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ばん (ban)
• Kun: うなぎ (unagi, 鰻)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鰻
むなぎ Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

⟨munaɡi₁⟩ → /munaɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), from Proto-Japonic *unanki.

Noun

鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3853:
     , text here

     石(いは)麻呂(まろ)尓(に)吾物(われもの)申(まをす)夏痩(なつやせ)尓(に)吉(よし)跡(と)云物(いふもの)曽(ぞ)武奈伎(むなぎ)取喫(とりめせ) [Man'yōgana]

     石(いは)麻呂(まろ)に我(わ)れ物(もの)申(まを)す夏(なつ)痩(や)せによしといふものぞ鰻(むなぎ)捕(と)り食(め)せ [Modern spelling]

     Iwamaro ni waga mono mōsu natsu-yase ni yoshi to iu-mono zo munagi torimese

     I address Mr. Iwamaro: they're said to be efficacious for summer loss of weight―go and eat some eels.

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3854:
     , text here

     痩々(やすやす)母(も)生(い)有(けら)者(ば)将在(あらむ)乎(を)波多也波多(はたやはた)武奈伎(むなぎ)乎漁取跡(をとると)河(かは)尓(に)流(ながる)勿(な) [Man'yōgana]

     痩(や)す痩(や)すも生(い)けらばあらむをはたやはた鰻(むなぎ)を捕(と)ると川(かは)に流(なが)るな [Modern spelling]

     yasuyasu mo ikeraba aramu o hata ya hata munagi o toru to kawa ni nagaru na

     Ever thinner though you be, better stay alive. When you're after eels for dinner, watch your step. Don't dive.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鰻
うなぎ Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

/munaɡi/ → /unaɡi/

Sound shift from munagi above.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “First attestation?”)

Noun

鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) 

1. eel, especially the Japanese eel ()

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鰻(うなぎ)筒(づつ) (unagi-zutsu, “eel trap”)
• 鰻(うなぎ)の寝(ね)床(どこ) (unagi no nedoko, “long, narrow house; eel bed”)
• 鰻(うなぎ)上(のぼ)り (unagi-nobori, “rising rapidly”)
• 鰻(うなぎ)屋(や) (unagi-ya, “eel restaurant”)
• 大(おお)鰻(うなぎ) (ōunagi, “marbled eel”)
• 日(ニ)本(ホン)鰻(ウナギ) (Nihon unagi, “Japanese eel”)
• ヨーロッパ鰻(ウナギ) (Yōroppa unagi, “European eel”)

See also

• 穴(アナ)子(ゴ) (anago, “conger eel”)
• 鱓(ウツボ) (utsubo, “moray eel”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
鰻
うな Hyōgaiji
irregular

Abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Noun

鰻(うな) • (una) 

1. Synonym of うなぎ above.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鰻(うな)重(じゅう) (unajū)
• 鰻(うな)茶漬(ちゃづ)け (una-chazuke)
• 鰻(うな)丼(どん) (unadon, “bowl of eel and rice”)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
鰻
う Hyōgaiji
irregular

Another abbreviation of unagi above, used in some compounds.

Noun

鰻(う) • (u) 

1. Synonym of うなぎ above.

Usage notes

• Found in restaurant signboards, for example.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 鰻(う)作(ざく) (u-zaku)
• 鰻(う)鍋(なべ) (u-nabe)
• 鰻(う)巻(ま)き (u-maki)

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Korean

Hanja

鰻 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.