宙

宙 U+5B99, 宙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B99 ← 官 [U+5B98] CJK Unified Ideographs 定 → [U+5B9A]

Translingual

Han character

宙 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中田 (JLW), four-corner 3060₂, composition ⿱宀由)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7108
• Dae Jaweon: page 559, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B99

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		宙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	*ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	*l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	*l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	*lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	*lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	*l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiu
• Eastern Min (BUC): dêu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiū / tiǔ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
    • Wade–Giles: chou⁴
    • Yale: jòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau⁶
    • Yale: jauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiu
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯u⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dêu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛu²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiū
    • Tâi-lô: tiū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiu³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǔ
    • Tâi-lô: tiǔ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu²²/

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• Middle Chinese: drjuwH

Rime
Character	宙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直祐切
Baxter	drjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwH/
Li Rong	/ȡiuH/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宙
Reading #	1/1
No.	15519
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	胄
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯwɢs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 宙

1. (obsolete, except in 宇宙) infinite time
2. (geology) eon (geochronologic unit)

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Japanese

Kanji

宙

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. mid-air

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢう (diu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちう (tiu, historical)}
• Kun: そら (sora, 宙)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宙
ちゅう Grade: 6
kan'on

Noun

宙(ちゅう) • (chū) 

1. mid-air

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宙 (MC drjuwH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뜌ᇢ〮 (Yale: ttyúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tyǔ) (Yale: tyǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕu(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [주(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

宙 (eumhun 집 주 (jip ju))

1. hanja form^? of 주 (“infinite time in 우주 (宇宙, uju, “space”)”)
2. hanja form^? of 주 (“house; ridgepole; pillar”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 우주 (宇宙, uju, “space”)
• 우주선 (宇宙船, ujuseon, “spaceship”)
• 우주인 (宇宙人, uju'in, “alien; astronaut”)
• 대우주 (大宇宙, dae'uju, “macrocosm”)
• 소우주 (小宇宙, souju, “microcosm”)
• 우주복 (宇宙服, ujubok, “spacesuit”)
• 주합루 (宙合樓, Juhamnu, “Juhamnu”)
• 우주만물 (宇宙萬物, ujumanmul, “all things”)
• 우주왕복선 (宇宙往復船, ujuwangbokseon, “space shuttle”)
• 우주비행사 (宇宙飛行士, ujubihaengsa, “astronaut”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

宙: Hán Nôm readings: trụ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.