—
See also: Appendix:Variations of "-"
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Translingual
Alternative forms
Punctuation mark
— (English name em dash) (Alt + 0151)
- Demarcates parenthetical thought. See — —.
- Indicates a logical consequence. See also : (“the colon”).
- Indicates aposiopesis, an abrupt breaking-off in speech. See also … (“the ellipsis”).
- Separates a term from its definition.
- Indicates a lack of data in a table.[1]
- Alternative form of ― (“horizontal bar; quotation dash; introduces a line of dialogue”)
- Used to censor letters in obscene words.
- D—n. [Damn] F—k. [Fuck]
- (dated, fiction) Used to replace part or all of a person's name, a place name, a date, or so forth. [chiefly 19th century]
- 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter VIII, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 152:
- It is Mr. Wickham’s intention to go into the regulars […] He has the promise of an ensigncy in General ———’s regiment, now quartered in the North.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:—.
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
- Afrikaans: “ ” · ‘ ’ · „ ” · ‚ ’
- Albanian: „ “ · ‘ ’
- Arabic: « » · ( ) · “ ”
- Armenian: « »
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: « » · “ ”
- Azerbaijani: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · " " · ‘ ’ · ' '
- Basque: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Belarusian: « » · “ ”
- Bulgarian: „ “ · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · « » · ’ ’ · ‘ ’ · —
- Catalan: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’, —
- Chinese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 「 」 · 『 』
- Czech: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Danish: » « · „ “ · › ‹ · ‚ ’ · ” ” · ’ ’
- Dutch: ‘ ’ · “ ” · ‚ ’ · „ ”
- English U.K.: ' ' · " " · ‘ ’ · “ ”
- English U.S.: " " · ' ' · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Esperanto: (depends on country of publication)
- Estonian: „ “ · « »
- Filipino: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Finnish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » »
- French: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · —
- Georgian: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- German: „ “ · ‚ ‘ ; » « · › ‹ ; regional: « » · ‹ ›
- Greek: « » · “ ” · ‟ ” · —
- Hungarian: „ ” · » « · —
- Icelandic: „ “ · ‚ ‘
- Indonesian: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Interlingua: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Irish: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Italian: « » · ‹ › · “ ” · ‘ ’
- Japanese: 「 」 · 『 』 · 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
- Korean: “ ” · ‘ ’ · 『 』 · 「 」
- Latvian: « » · „ “
- Lithuanian: « » · „ “
- Lower Sorbian: „ “ · ‚ ‘
- Macedonian: „ “ · ’ ‘ · ‘ ’
- Northern Kurdish: « »
- Norwegian: « » · „ “ · ‘ ’ · ‚ ‘
- Persian: « »
- Polish: „ ” · « » · » « · —
- Portuguese: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · —
- Romanian: „ ” · « » · —
- Russian: « » · „ “ · „ ” · —
- Serbo-Croatian: „ ” · ” ” · ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · „ “ · » «
- Slovak: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Slovene: „ “ · ‚ ‘ · » « · › ‹
- Spanish: « » · “ ” · ‘ ’ · —
- Swedish: ” ” · ’ ’ · » » · » « · —
- Thai: “ ” · ‘ ’
- Turkish: “ ” · ‘ ’ · « » · › ‹ · —
- Ukrainian: « » · „ ” · ‚ ‘
- Vietnamese: “ ” · —
- Welsh: ‘ ’ · “ ”
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
- Curved double quotation marks: “ ” · ” ” · „ ” · „ “ · ‟ ”
- Curved single quotation marks: ‘ ’ · ’ ’ · ‚ ’ · ‚ ‘ · ’ ‘ · ‛ ’
- Straight double quotation marks: " "
- Straight single quotation marks: ' '
- Guillemets: « » · » « · » »
- Single guillemets: ‹ › · › ‹
- Corner brackets: 「 」 · 『 』
- Angle brackets: 《 》 · 〈 〉
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 〟 · 〝 〞
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
- Curved double quotation marks: “ · ” · „ · ‟
- Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘ · ’ · ‚ · ‛
- Straight double quotation mark: "
- Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 · 〞 · 〟
- Guillemets: « · »
- Single guillemets: ‹ · ›
- Corner brackets: 「 · 」 · 『 · 』
- Quotation dashes: — (em dash) · ― (horizontal bar) · – (en dash)
- apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
- curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
- square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
- colon ( : )
- comma ( , )
- dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
- ellipsis ( … )
- exclamation mark ( ! )
- fraction slash ( ⁄ )
- guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
- hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
- interpunct ( · )
- interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
- brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
- full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
- question mark ( ? )
- quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
- quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
- semicolon ( ; )
- slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
- space ( ] [ )
References
- ^ Joan G. Nagle, Handbook for preparing engineering documents: from concept to completion, 1995, p. 114:
We can use the word none or N/D (no data), or insert an em dash; any of these entries show that we haven't simply forgotten to fill the cell. N/A is commonly used for not applicable. It's good practice to footnote N/A or N/D the first time it is used.
Russian
Punctuation mark
—
- Indicates zero (omission) of the present tense of быть (bytʹ). Called тире́ (tirɛ́) in Russian.
- Used in — —.
- Replaces ‐ in some appositions, where hyphen would be used to connect the appositive word and the word in apposition if neither of them were a phrase.
- Не́которые госуда́рства — чле́ны ЕС препя́тствуют размеще́нию бе́женцев на свое́й террито́рии.
- Nékotoryje gosudárstva — člény JeS prepjátstvujut razmeščéniju béžencev na svojéj territórii.
- Some EU member states prevent placement of refugees on their territory.
Usage notes
- — is not used when the subject is a pronoun; e.g. я ру́сский (ja rússkij, “I am Russian”) or with predicative adjectives.
- — — are preferred over ( ) when the supplemental information is necessary to understand author's point and can't be dropped.
- A dash or a hyphen is used in Russian apposition when the first word (or first words) is not a form of address (e.g. товарищ (tovarišč)) and the second word is an appellative.
Categories:
- Character boxes with images
- General Punctuation block
- Small Form Variants block
- CJK Compatibility Forms block
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual punctuation marks
- Translingual entries with language name categories using raw markup
- English dated terms
- en:Fiction
- English terms with quotations
- Translingual terms spelled with —
- Russian lemmas
- Russian punctuation marks
- Russian terms with usage examples