芥子

Chinese

		Brassica juncea	child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
trad. (芥子)		芥	子
simp. #(芥子)		芥	子

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jièzǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄗˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jièzǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄗˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jièzǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chieh⁴-tzŭ³
    • Yale: jyè-dž
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehtzyy
    • Palladius: цзецзы (czeczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 介子 芥子

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 芥子

1. mustard seeds
2. (Buddhism) tiny thing

   • 自古道：『遣泰山輕如芥子，攜凡夫難脫紅塵。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     自古道：『遣泰山轻如芥子，携凡夫难脱红尘。』 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE

     Zìgǔ dào: ‘Qiǎn tàishān qīng rú jièzǐ, xié fánfū nán tuō hóngchén.’ [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (芥子):

• → Japanese: 芥(かい)子(し) (kaishi); 芥(がい)子(し) (gaishi)
• → Korean: 개자(芥子) (gaeja)

(from Early Mandarin)

• → Middle Korean: 계ᄌᆞ (kyeyco)
  • Korean: 겨자 (gyeoja)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
芥	子
から Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
irregular	on'yomi

Alternative spellings
辛子 芥

From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).

Noun

芥(から)子(し) • (karashi) 

1. Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea [from early 10th c.]
2. a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard [from mid-8th c.]

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥子(からし)和(あ)え (karashi-ae)
• 芥子(からし)色(いろ) (karashi-iro)
• 芥子(からし)醤油(じょうゆ) (karashi-jōyu)
• 芥子(からし)酢(ず) (karashizu)
• 芥子(からし)漬(づ)け (karashi-zuke)
• 芥子(からし)泥(でい) (karashidei)
• 芥子(カラシ)菜(ナ) (karashina)
• 芥子(からし)味噌(みそ) (karashi miso)
• 芥子(からし)マヨネーズ (karashi mayonēzu)
• 芥子(からし)油(ゆ) (karashiyu)
• 芥子(からし)湯(ゆ) (karashiyu)
• 芥子(からし)蓮根(れんこん) (karashi renkon)
• 犬(イヌ)芥子(ガラシ) (inugarashi)
• 江戸(えど)芥子(がらし) (Edo-garashi)
• オランダ芥子(ガラシ) (Oranda-garashi, “watercress”)
• 川(カワ)芥子(カラシ) (kawakarashi)
• 菊(キク)葉(バ)芥子(ガラシ) (kikuba-garashi)
• 田(タ)芥子(ガラシ) (tagarashi)
• 溶(と)き芥子(がらし) (tokigarashi)
• 練(ね)り芥子(がらし) (nerigarashi)
• 浜(ハマ)芥子(ガラシ) (hamagarashi)
• 洋(よう)芥子(がらし) (yōgarashi)
• 和(わ)芥子(がらし) (wagarashi)

Proverbs

• 牛(うし)と芥子(からし)は願(ねが)いから鼻(はな)を通(とお)す (ushi to karashi wa negai kara hana o tōsu, “wishing for a cow and a mustard seed to pass through the nose → wanting to suffer from a disaster”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
芥	子
かい Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
kan'on

Kanji in this term
芥	子
かい > がい Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
irregular	kan'on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.

Noun

芥(かい)子(し) or 芥(がい)子(し) • (kaishi or gaishi) 

1. (especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥(かい)子(し)園画伝(えんがでん) (Kaishi Engaden)
• 芥(かい)子(し)紙(し) (kaishishi)
• 芥(かい)子(し)精(せい) (kaishisei)
• 芥(かい)子(し)泥(でい) (kaishidei)
• 芥(かい)子(し)油(ゆ) (kaishiyu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
芥	子
け Jinmeiyō	し Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
罌粟

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Persian خشخاش (xašxâš).

Noun

芥(け)子(し) or 芥子(ケシ) • (keshi) 

1. the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum
2. any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy

   Synonym: ポピー (popī)

3. (archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
4. Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots
5. an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds
6. Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit
7. (prefixed to nouns) something tiny

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 芥子和(けしあ)え (keshi-ae)
• 芥子(けし)頭(あたま) (keshiatama)
• 芥子(ケシ)薊(アザミ) (keshiazami)
• 芥子(けし)油(あぶら) (keshi abura)
• 芥子(けし)尼(あま) (keshi ama)
• 芥子(けし)金(がね) (keshigane)
• 芥子(けし)鹿(か)の子(こ) (keshi kanoko)
• 芥子(けし)禿(かむろ) (keshikamuro)
• 芥子(けし)括(ぐく)り (keshigukuri)
• 芥子胡麻(けしごま) (keshigoma)
• 芥子(けし)粒(つぶ) (keshitsubu)
• 芥子酢(けしず) (keshizu)
• 芥子(けし)人形(にんぎょう) (keshi ningyō)
• 芥子繍(けしぬ)い (keshinui)
• 芥子(けし)の香(か) (keshi no ka)
• 芥子之(けしの)助(すけ) (Keshinosuke)
• 芥子(けし)雛(びな) (keshibina)
• 芥子(けし)坊主(ぼうず) (keshi bōzu)
• 芥子(けし)本(ぼん) (keshibon)
• 芥子(けし)餠(もち) (keshimochi)
• 芥子焼(けしや)き (keshiyaki)
• 芥子油(けしゆ) (keshiyu)
• お芥子(けし) (o-keshi)
• 鬼(オニ)芥子(ゲシ) (onigeshi)
• 小芥子(こけし) (kokeshi, “kokeshi doll”)
• 野芥子(ノゲシ) (nogeshi)
• 花(はな)芥子(げし) (hanageshi)
• 雛(ヒナ)芥子(ゲシ) (hinageshi)

Idioms

• 芥子(けし)に須弥(しゅみ)を蔵(ぞう)す (keshi ni shumi o zōsu, “store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object”)
• 芥子(けし)を千(ち)にも割(わ)る (keshi o chi ni mo waru, “cut a poppy seed into thousands → cut into fine pieces”)

See also

• 阿(あ)片(へん) (ahen, “opium”)

Proper noun

芥(け)子(し) • (Keshi) 

1. a surname