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U+8654, 虔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8654

[U+8653]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8655]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 141, +4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心卜大 (YPYK), four-corner 21240, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32686
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2821, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8654

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡren) : phonetic (OC *mɯn) + semantic . According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead (OC *qʰaː).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (79)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gian/
Li
Rong
/ɡjɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qián
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjen ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ra[n]/
English kill; cut (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10260
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡren/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere
  2. (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful
  3. to kill; to slaughter; to murder
  4. to plunder; to loot; to seize
  5. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (chiefly Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Alternative form of (to congeal; to encrust)

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. respect

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 공경할 (gonggyeonghal geon))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kiền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.