heshimu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَشِمَ (ḥašima).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-heshimu (infinitive kuheshimu)

1. to honour
2. to respect

Conjugation

Conjugation of -heshimu
Positive present -naheshimu Subjunctive -heshimu Negative -heshimu Imperative singular heshimu
Infinitives
Positive kuheshimu Negative kutoheshimu
Imperatives
Singular heshimu Plural heshimuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huheshimu Positive past positive subject concord + -liheshimu Negative past negative subject concord + -kuheshimu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naheshimu) Singular Plural 1st person ninaheshimu/naheshimu tunaheshimu 2nd person unaheshimu mnaheshimu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaheshimu wanaheshimu other classes positive subject concord + -naheshimu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -heshimu) Singular Plural 1st person siheshimu hatuheshimu 2nd person huheshimu hamheshimu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haheshimu hawaheshimu other classes negative subject concord + -heshimu
Positive future positive subject concord + -taheshimu Negative future negative subject concord + -taheshimu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -heshimu) Singular Plural 1st person niheshimu tuheshimu 2nd person uheshimu mheshimu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aheshimu waheshimu other classes positive subject concord + -heshimu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siheshimu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeheshimu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeheshimu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliheshimu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliheshimu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aheshimu) Singular Plural 1st person naheshimu twaheshimu 2nd person waheshimu mwaheshimu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aheshimu waheshimu m-mi(III/IV) waheshimu yaheshimu ji-ma(V/VI) laheshimu yaheshimu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaheshimu vyaheshimu n(IX/X) yaheshimu zaheshimu u(XI) waheshimu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaheshimu pa(XVI) paheshimu mu(XVIII) mwaheshimu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meheshimu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaheshimu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaheshimu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiheshimu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoheshimu Consecutive kaheshimu / positive subject concord + -kaheshimu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaheshimu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niheshimu -tuheshimu 2nd person -kuheshimu -waheshimu/-kuheshimuni/-waheshimuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mheshimu -waheshimu m-mi(III/IV) -uheshimu -iheshimu ji-ma(V/VI) -liheshimu -yaheshimu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiheshimu -viheshimu n(IX/X) -iheshimu -ziheshimu u(XI) -uheshimu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuheshimu pa(XVI) -paheshimu mu(XVIII) -muheshimu Reflexive -jiheshimu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -heshimu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -heshimuye -heshimuo m-mi(III/IV) -heshimuo -heshimuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -heshimulo -heshimuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -heshimucho -heshimuvyo n(IX/X) -heshimuyo -heshimuzo u(XI) -heshimuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -heshimuko pa(XVI) -heshimupo mu(XVIII) -heshimumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -heshimu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeheshimu -oheshimu m-mi(III/IV) -oheshimu -yoheshimu ji-ma(V/VI) -loheshimu -yoheshimu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choheshimu -vyoheshimu n(IX/X) -yoheshimu -zoheshimu u(XI) -oheshimu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koheshimu pa(XVI) -poheshimu mu(XVIII) -moheshimu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -heshimia
  • Passive: -heshimiwa
  • Reciprocal: -heshimiana
  • Stative: -heshimika

Related terms

• heshima (“honour, dignity; respect”)
• mheshimiwa (“honourable, Excellency”)