kosoa

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kosoa (infinitive kukosoa)

1. to criticize

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosoa
Positive present -nakosoa Subjunctive -kosoe Negative -kosoi Imperative singular kosoa
Infinitives
Positive kukosoa Negative kutokosoa
Imperatives
Singular kosoa Plural kosoeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukosoa Positive past positive subject concord + -likosoa Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosoa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosoa) Singular Plural 1st person ninakosoa/nakosoa tunakosoa 2nd person unakosoa mnakosoa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosoa wanakosoa other classes positive subject concord + -nakosoa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosoi) Singular Plural 1st person sikosoi hatukosoi 2nd person hukosoi hamkosoi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakosoi hawakosoi other classes negative subject concord + -kosoi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takosoa Negative future negative subject concord + -takosoa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kosoe) Singular Plural 1st person nikosoe tukosoe 2nd person ukosoe mkosoe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosoe wakosoe other classes positive subject concord + -kosoe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikosoe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosoa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosoa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosoa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosoa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosoa) Singular Plural 1st person nakosoa twakosoa 2nd person wakosoa mwakosoa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosoa wakosoa m-mi(III/IV) wakosoa yakosoa ji-ma(V/VI) lakosoa yakosoa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosoa vyakosoa n(IX/X) yakosoa zakosoa u(XI) wakosoa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakosoa pa(XVI) pakosoa mu(XVIII) mwakosoa
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosoa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosoa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosoa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosoa "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosoa Consecutive kakosoa / positive subject concord + -kakosoa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakosoe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikosoa -tukosoa 2nd person -kukosoa -wakosoa/-kukosoeni/-wakosoeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkosoa -wakosoa m-mi(III/IV) -ukosoa -ikosoa ji-ma(V/VI) -likosoa -yakosoa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikosoa -vikosoa n(IX/X) -ikosoa -zikosoa u(XI) -ukosoa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukosoa pa(XVI) -pakosoa mu(XVIII) -mukosoa Reflexive -jikosoa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosoa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kosoaye -kosoao m-mi(III/IV) -kosoao -kosoayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kosoalo -kosoayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kosoacho -kosoavyo n(IX/X) -kosoayo -kosoazo u(XI) -kosoao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosoako pa(XVI) -kosoapo mu(XVIII) -kosoamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosoa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekosoa -okosoa m-mi(III/IV) -okosoa -yokosoa ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosoa -yokosoa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosoa -vyokosoa n(IX/X) -yokosoa -zokosoa u(XI) -okosoa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokosoa pa(XVI) -pokosoa mu(XVIII) -mokosoa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -kosolea
  • Passive: -kosolewa
  • Reciprocal: -kosoana
  • Stative: -kosoleka

• Nominal derivations:
  • mkosoaji (“critic”)
  • ukosoaji (“criticism”)