轢

See also: 轹

轢 U+8F62, 轢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F62 ← 轡 [U+8F61] CJK Unified Ideographs 轣 → [U+8F63]

轢 U+F98D, 轢 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98D ← 歷 [U+F98C] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 年 → [U+F98E]

Translingual

Traditional	轢
Shinjitai (extended)	𮝩
Simplified	轹

Han character

轢 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十十女戈木 (JJVID), four-corner 5209₄, composition ⿰車樂)

1. run over something with vehicle

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38588
• Dae Jaweon: page 1728, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3561, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8F62

• Unihan data for U+F98D

Chinese

trad.		轢
simp.		轹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
樂	*ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢	*raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼	*pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒	*raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽	*rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍	*qʰljawɢ
鑠	*qʰljawɢ
藥	*lawɢ
櫟	*lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅	*lawɢ
礫	*reːwɢ
瓅	*reːwɢ
皪	*reːwɢ
觻	*reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛	*qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lik¹ / lik⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lik¹ / lik⁶
    • Yale: līk / lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁷ / lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lig¹ / lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚⁵/, /lɪk̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: lat, lak, lek

Rime
Character	轢	轢	轢
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)	鐸 (103)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV
Fanqie	盧達切	盧各切	郎擊切
Baxter	lat	lak	lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lat̚/	/lak̚/	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑt̚/	/lɑk̚/	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	là	luò	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laat6	lok6	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤawk/, /*[r]ˤewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːd/, /*raːwɢ/, /*reːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	轢	轢
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁawk/	/*[r]ˁewk/
English	crush under wheels	crush under wheels
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	轢	轢	轢
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	7671	7675	7684
Phonetic component	樂	樂	樂
Rime group	月	藥	藥
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	剌	落	靂
Old Chinese	/*raːd/	/*raːwɢ/	/*reːwɢ/

Definitions

轢

1. to run over with a vehicle
2. a vandal
3. to bully someone

   Synonym: 欺負／欺负

Compounds

• 凌轢
• 刻轢／刻轹
• 軋轢／轧轹 (yàlì)
• 輘轢／𰺊轹
• 輮轢／𫐓轹
• 轔轢／辚轹
• 轢古／轹古
• 轢蹙／轹蹙
• 陵轢／陵轹

 

References

• “轢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	𮝩
Kyūjitai	轢

Kanji

轢

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𮝩)

1. to run over with a vehicle

Readings

• Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
• Kan-on: れき (reki)
• Kun: きしる (kishiru, 轢る)、ひく (hiku, 轢く)

Compounds

• 軋轢(あつれき) (atsureki): conflict

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 轢 (MC lek). Recorded as Middle Korean 력〮 (Yale: lyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾjʌ̹k̚] ~ [jʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [력/역]

Hanja

Wikisource

轢 (eumhun 칠 력 (chil ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 칠 역 (chil yeok))

1. hanja form^? of 력/역 (“to run over with a vehicle”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 역사 (轢死, yeoksa)
• 알력 (軋轢, allyeok)
• 역살 (轢殺, yeoksal)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]