久

See also: 乆

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

久 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓人 (NO) or 難弓人 (XNO), four-corner 2780₀, composition ⿸𠂊乀)

Derived characters

• 𠮻, 𡉌, 奺, 汣, 杦, 玖, 畂, 镹, 畝, 㝌, 㡱, 疚, 羑, 灸, 粂, 匛

Descendants

• く (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
• ク (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
• 𛀫 (Hentaigana)
• 𛀬 (Hentaigana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 118
• Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 33, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E45

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		久
alternative forms		乆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 久
Small seal script s03941 Transcribed ancient scripts L35395 L35396 L35397 L35398 L35399 L18239 L18240 L18241 L18242 L18243 L18244 L18245 L18246 L18247 L18248 L18249
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (久) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
畂	*ɡʷ·rɯs
久	*kʷlɯʔ
灸	*kʷlɯʔ, *kʷlɯs
玖	*kʷlɯʔ
疚	*kʷlɯs
柩	*ɡʷlɯs
羑	*ɡʷ·lɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) - a man receiving moxibustion. The derivative 灸 refers to the original word.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǔ (jiu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiú

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giu³

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiú / kú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chiu³
    • Yale: jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeou
    • Palladius: цзю (czju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau²
    • Yale: gáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: giu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯u³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giu³
    • Sinological IPA: /kiu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiú / kú
    • Tâi-lô: kiú / kú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo, kuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu⁵³/, /ku⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁵⁵⁴/, /ku⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu⁵³/, /ku⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu⁵³/, /ku⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu⁴¹/, /ku⁴¹/

Note:

• kiú - literary;
• kú - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gu²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kú
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwX

Rime
Character	久
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉有切
Baxter	kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwX/
Li Rong	/kiuX/
Wang Li	/kĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷlɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	久
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷəʔ/
English	a long time
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	久
Reading #	1/1
No.	6969
Phonetic component	久
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	久
Old Chinese	/*kʷlɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 久

1. (of time) long

   你待了多久？  ―  Nǐ dāi le duōjiǔ?  ―  How long did you stay?

   我們走路走了很久。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们走路走了很久。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen zǒulù zǒu le hěn jiǔ. [Pinyin]

   We walked for a long time.

2. a surname

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

久

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. long time

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: ひさしい (hisashii, 久しい, Jōyō)
• Nanori: きゅ (kyu); わ (wa); なが (naga); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi)

Compounds

• 久(きゅう)懐(かい) (kyūkai)
• 久(きゅう)遠(えん) (kyūen)
• 久(きゅう)闊(かつ) (kyūkatsu), 久(きゅう)濶(かつ) (kyūkatsu)
• 久(く)慈(じ)目(め) (kujime)
• 久(く)遠(おん) (kuon)
• 久(ひさ)方(かた) (hisakata)

 

Proper noun

久(ひさし) or 久(proper) • (hisashi or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|ひさし]]

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

久 (eumhun 오랠 구 (orael gu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• 乆 (cửu)

Han character

久: Hán Việt readings: cửu (舉(cử)有(hữu)切(thiết))
久: Nôm readings: cửu

1. chữ Hán form of cửu (“for a long time”).