乘

See also: 乗, 椉, and 埀

Translingual

Japanese	乗
Simplified	乘
Traditional	乘

Han character

乘 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 2090₁, composition ⿻禾北)

Derived characters

• 剩, 塖, 嵊, 溗, 騬, 𢾽, 𨝄, 𪳕, 𦟇, 𦶝, 𧪝, 𨍱, 𤳁, 𬟯, 𬨾

Descendants

• (chiefly Japanese): 乗

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
• Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E58

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Chinese

trad.		乘
simp. #		乘
alternative forms		乗 椉／乘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乘
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j14101 j14102 j14103 j14104 j14105 j14106 j14107 j14108 j14109 j14110 j14111 j14112 j14113 j14114 j14115 j14116 j14117 j14118 j14119 j14120 j14121 j14122 j14123 j14124 j14125 j14126 j14127 j14128 j14129 j14130 j14131 j14132 j14133 j14134 j14135 j14136 j14137 Bronze inscriptions b08546 b08547 b08548 b08549 b08550 b08551 b08552 b08553 b08554 b08555 b08556 b08557 b08558 b08559 b08560 Small seal script s03944 s03945 Transcribed ancient scripts L33335 L33336 L33337 L33338 L33339 L33340 L33341 L33342 L33343 L33344 L11109 L11110 L11111 L11112 L11113 L11114 L11115 L11116 L11117 L11118 L11119 L11120 L11121 L11122 L11123
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
乘	*ɦljɯŋ, *ɦljɯŋs
溗	*ɦljɯŋ
塖	*ɦljɯŋ
騬	*ɦljɯŋ
椉	*ɦljɯŋ
剩	*ɦljɯŋs
嵊	*ɦljɯŋs

Pictogram (象形) – climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 + 北 (tree + top, feet).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
• Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tshen; ⁶zen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing⁴
    • Yale: sìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng
    • Tâi-lô: sîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshen; ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: tshen^去; zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshen; ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰən³⁴/, /zən²³/

Note:

• 2tshen - vernacular;
• 3zen - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 乘
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən³¹/ /t͡sʰən³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zeŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ʂən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/seŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/seŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/siŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/seŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/seŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: zying

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食陵切
Baxter	zying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ zying ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ/
English	ride (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	1/2
No.	1452
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繩
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乘

1. ^† to ascend; to go up
2. ^† to mount; to ride
3. to take (a form of transport)
4. to make use of; to take advantage of

   乘機／乘机  ―  chéngjī  ―  to seize the opportunity

5. ^† to pursue; to attack
6. (mathematics) to multiply

   二乘八等於十六。 [MSC, trad.]
   二乘八等于十六。 [MSC, simp.]

   Èr chéng bā děngyú shíliù. [Pinyin]

   Two times eight equals sixteen.

7. (mathematics) multiplication

   加減乘除／加减乘除  ―  jiā jiǎn chéng chú  ―  addition, subtraction, multiplication, division

8. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèng, chéng (sheng⁴, cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ, ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
• Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
    • Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
    • Yale: shèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
    • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing⁶
    • Yale: sihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sēng
    • Tâi-lô: sīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: zyingH

Rime
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	實證切
Baxter	zyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiəŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ zyingH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.ləŋ-s/
English	vehicle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乘
Reading #	2/2
No.	1458
Phonetic component	乘
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	乗
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 乘

1. ^† Classifier for carriages drawn by four horses.
2. ^† history book
3. (Buddhism) vehicle; creed; yana

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	乗
Kyūjitai	乘

Kanji

乘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 乗)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)
• Kun: のる (noru, 乘る); のり (nori, 乘り); のせる (noseru, 乘せる)

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Korean

Hanja

乘 • (seung)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 승 (revised: seung, McCune–Reischauer: sŭng)
  • Name (hangeul): 탈
    (revised: tal, McCune–Reischauer: t'al)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乘

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Vietnamese

Han character

乘: Hán Nôm readings: thừa, thặng, thắng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation