務

See also: 务

Translingual

Han character

務 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹竹水尸 (NHHES) or 弓竹人大尸 (NHOKS), four-corner 1822₇, composition ⿰矛务)

Derived characters

• 霧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2394
• Dae Jaweon: page 334, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2765, character 9
• Unihan data for U+52D9

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Chinese

trad.		務
simp.		务

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堥	*muː, *mu
蓩	*muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱	*ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	*mruː, *muːŋ
蝥	*mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	*moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	*mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	*mu, *muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	*mu, *moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	*ml'us, *mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	*mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	*mju, *mjuʔ
鞣	*mju, *mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	*mjuʔ, *mjus
輮	*mjuʔ, *mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	*moʔ, *mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	*moɡs, *moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	*moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	*moɡs, *moːŋ
霿	*moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs) : phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“to work; to move”) (STEDT). Cognate with 懋 (OC *mus, “to strive”), Garo mo (“to move”), Jingpho mu ⪤ ə mu (“work; labor”), Burmese မူ (mu, “to pursue some course of action; to act”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vu
• Eastern Min (BUC): ô
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhu⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶vu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wù
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wù
    • Wade–Giles: wu⁴
    • Yale: wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
    • Palladius: у (u)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁶
    • Yale: mouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
    • Hakka Romanization System: vu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bū
    • Tâi-lô: bū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bu²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bu³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bu³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶vu
    • MiniDict: vu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/

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• Middle Chinese: mjuH

Rime
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡遇切
Baxter	mjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/mioH/
Shao Rongfen	/mioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆H/
Li Rong	/mioH/
Wang Li	/mĭuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)o-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*moɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuH ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)o-s/
English	exert oneself
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
No.	8849
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	竇
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	務
Old Chinese	/*moɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 務

1. to be engaged in; to be devoted to

   服務／服务  ―  fúwù  ―  service

2. to seek; to pursue
3. business; affairs
4. must; should; be sure to
5. 26th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "endeavor" (𝌟)
6. a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (務):

• → Japanese: 務(む) (mu)
• → Korean: 무(務) (mu)
• → Vietnamese: vụ (務)

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Japanese

Kanji

務

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 務める, Jōyō); つとまる (tsutomaru, 務まる, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 役(えき)務(む) (ekimu)
• 外(がい)務(む)員(いん) (gaimuin)
• 外(がい)務(む)省(しょう) (gaimushō)
• 義務(ぎむ) (gimu)
• 教務(きょうむ) (kyōmu)
• 業務(ぎょうむ) (gyōmu)
• 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu)
• 公務(こうむ) (kōmu)
• 公(こう)務(む)員(いん) (kōmuin)
• 校(こう)務(む)員(いん) (kōmuin)
• 債(さい)務(む) (saimu)

• 財(ざい)務(む) (zaimu)
• 財(ざい)務(む)省(しょう) (zaimushō)
• 雑(ざつ)務(む) (zatsumu)
• 残務(ざんむ) (zanmu)
• 事務(じむ) (jimu)
• 実(じつ)務(む) (jitsumu)
• 職(しょく)務(む) (shokumu)
• 庶務(しょむ) (shomu)
• 政務(せいむ) (seimu)
• 責(せき)務(む) (sekimu)
• 総務(そうむ) (sōmu)

• 総(そう)務(む)省(しょう) (sōmushō)
• 担務(たんむ) (tanmu)
• 内(ない)務(む)省(しょう) (naimushō)
• 任務(にんむ) (ninmu)
• 服(ふく)務(む) (fukumu)
• 法務(ほうむ) (hōmu)
• 用務(ようむ) (yōmu)
• 用(よう)務(む)員(いん) (yōmuin)
• 労務(ろうむ) (rōmu)

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Korean

Hanja

務 (eum 무 (mu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

務: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, kiết

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.