参

See also: 參, 叁, and 薓

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	参
Simplified	参
Traditional	參

Han character

参 (Kangxi radical 28, 厶+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈大竹竹竹 (IKHHH), composition ⿱⿱厶大彡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 164, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3090
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 386, character 15
• Unihan data for U+53C2

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 参 – see 參 (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 參).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	参
Kyūjitai	參

Kanji

参

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 參)

1. jagged, uneven
2. carrot, ginseng
3. add, increase, join (a group, etc.)
4. go (for a specific purpose, for example)
5. Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three
6. Short for 参議院 (Sangi-in): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet)
7. Mikawa Province

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)
From Middle Chinese 參 (MC srim, “Three Stars mansion; carrot, ginseng”) and 參 (MC tsrhim, “jagged, uneven”):

• Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kun: まいる (mairu, 参る, Jōyō)^{←まゐる (mawiru, 参る, historical)}; まいらす (mairasu, 参らす)^{←まゐらす (mawirasu, 参らす, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC tshom, “add, influence, join”):

• Go-on: そん (son)^{←そん (son, historical)←そむ (somu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kun: まじえる (majieru, 参える)^{←まじへる (maziferu, 参へる, historical)}; まじわる (majiwaru, 参わる)^{←まじはる (mazifaru, 参はる, historical)}
• Nanori: はかる (hakaru)

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC sam, “3, three”):

• Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kun: みつ (mitsu, 参つ); みっつ (mi'tsu, 参つ)

Compounds

Compounds

• 参(さん)加(か) (sanka)
• 参(さん)賀(が) (sanga)
• 参(さん)画(かく) (sankaku)
• 参(さん)観(かん) (sankan)
• 参(さん)議(ぎ) (sangi)
• 参(さん)考(こう) (sankō)
• 三(さん)州(しゅう) (Sanshū)
• 参(さん)照(しょう) (sanshō)
• 参(さん)政(せい) (sansei)
• 参(さん)拝(ぱい) (sanpai)
• 参(さん)謀(ぼう) (sanbō)
• 参(さん)篭(ろう) (sanrō)
• 参(しん)差(し) (shinshi)
• 参(しん)宿(しゅく) (Shin-shuku)
• 帰(き)参(さん) (kisan)
• 古(こ)参(さん) (kosan)
• 持(じ)参(さん) (jisan)
• 衆(しゅう)参(さん) (shūsan)
• 新(しん)参(ざん) (shinzan)
• 日(にっ)参(さん) (nissan)
• 墓(ぼ)参(さん) (bosan)
• 独(どく)参(じん)湯(とう) (dokujintō)
• 人(にん)参(じん) (ninjin)
• 海参(いりこ) (iriko)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
参
しん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
參 (kyūjitai)

/ɕʲim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC srim).

Proper noun

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 參宿 (Shin-shuku), 唐鋤星 (Karasuki-boshi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
参
さん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
參 (kyūjitai)

/t͡ɕam/ → /t͡samʉ/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC tshom).

Noun

1. (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation

Verb

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   Synonym: 拘る (kakawaru)

Proper noun

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 參宿 (San-shuku), 唐鋤星 (Karasuki-boshi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
参
さん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
參 (kyūjitai)

Numeral

1. (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three

Usage notes

This form of 3 is only used in legal documents.