啡

Translingual

Han character

啡 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口中一卜 (RLMY), four-corner 6101₁, composition ⿰口非)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3874
• Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 639, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5561

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Chinese

trad.		啡
simp. #		啡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	*brɯːl, *buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	*breː, *brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	*buːl, *bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	*buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	*pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	*pɯl, *pʰɯl
誹	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	*pɯlʔ, *bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	*pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	*bɯl, *bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēi (fei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fe¹ / fei¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fie²

• Gan (Wiktionary): fi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî / fî
• Eastern Min (BUC): bĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pi / hui

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hui¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹fi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fei
    • Wade–Giles: fei¹
    • Yale: fēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei
    • Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fe¹ / fei¹
    • Yale: fē / fēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fe¹ / fei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fé¹ / féi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛː⁵⁵/, /fei̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fie²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fiɛ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨi⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî / fî
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi´ / fi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹ / fi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴/, /fi²⁴/

Note:

• pî - used in 咖啡;
• fî - used in 嗎啡.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi / hui
    • Tâi-lô: pi / hui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: py, huy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴/, /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³/, /hui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴/, /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴/, /hui⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴/, /hui⁴⁴/

Note:

• pi - colloquial (used in 咖啡);
• hui - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hui¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hui
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹fi
    • MiniDict: fi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹fi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fi⁵³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 啡

1. Used in transcription.

   咖啡  ―  kāfēi  ―  coffee

   嗎啡／吗啡  ―  mǎfēi  ―  morphine

2. (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 咖啡 (kāfēi, “coffee”).

   齋啡／斋啡 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai¹ fe¹ [Jyutping]  ―  black coffee

3. (～色) (chiefly Cantonese) brown

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pèi (pei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻei⁴
    • Yale: pèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
    • Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: phojX

Rime
Character	啡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	匹愷切
Baxter	phojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰəjX/
Li Rong	/pʰᴀiX/
Wang Li	/pʰɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	poi2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3063
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	啡
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯːlʔ/
Notes	集韻普亥切

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 啡

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pái (pai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pái
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pái
    • Wade–Giles: pʻai²
    • Yale: pái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pair
    • Palladius: пай (paj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 啡

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “啡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

啡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): はい (hai), へ (he), ひ (hi)
• Kun: いびき (ibiki), つば (tsuba)

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Korean

Hanja

啡 • (bae, bi) (hangeul 배, 비, revised bae, bi, McCune–Reischauer pae, pi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.