忝

See also: 㤁

Translingual

Han character

忝 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹大心 (HKP) or 一大心 (MKP), four-corner 2033₃, composition ⿱天㣺 (GHTKV) or ⿱夭㣺 (J))

Derived characters

• 添, 舔, 掭, 悿, 婖, 㖭, 㮇, 䋬, 𡍞, 𤲖, 𥪌, 𢧏, 𧨩, 𩋅, 𩡋, 𫔗, 𬁮, 菾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10348.5
• Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2279, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5FDD

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		忝
alternative forms		㤁 original form

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (天) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
添	*tʰiːm
忝	*l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿	*tʰiːmʔ
舔	*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾	*diːm
天	*qʰl'iːn
吞	*qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆	*qʰliːn
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 㣺 (“heart”)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tim² / tim⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien³
    • Yale: tyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tim² / tim⁵
    • Yale: tím / tíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim² / tim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim² / tim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm³⁵/, /tʰiːm¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: themX, themH

Rime
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	添 (157)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	他玷切	他念切
Baxter	themX	themH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛmX/	/tʰɛmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛmX/	/tʰɛmH/
Li Rong	/tʰemX/	/tʰemH/
Wang Li	/tʰiemX/	/tʰiemH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰiemX/	/tʰiemH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiǎn	tiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim2	tim3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ/, /*l̥ˤ[i]mʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰiːmʔ/, /*l̥ʰiːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiǎn	tiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ themX ›	‹ themH ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ/	/*l̥ˁ[i]mʔ-s/
English	disgrace (v.)	disgrace
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忝	忝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12382	12385
Phonetic component	天	天
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	忝	㮇
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰiːmʔ/	/*l̥ʰiːms/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 忝

1. (literary) to shame
2. (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		忝
alternative forms		悿

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiám

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiám
    • Tâi-lô: thiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiam⁴¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 忝

1. tired
2. serious; intense

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
Mandarin	Beijing	累, 乏
	Taiwan	累
	Jinan	累, 乏
	Wanrong	乏
	Xi'an	乏, 累
	Ürümqi	乏
	Wuhan	累
	Chengdu	累
	Yangzhou	累, 痿
	Hefei	累
	Malaysia	累
	Singapore	累
Cantonese	Guangzhou	攰
	Hong Kong	攰
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	攰
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	攰
	Macau	攰
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	疚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	攰
	Foshan	攰
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	疚
	Foshan (Shunde)	攰
	Foshan (Sanshui)	疚攰
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	疚攰
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	疓
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	疓
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	疚, 攰
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	疚, 攰
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	疚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	疚
	Taishan	疚, 攰, 疓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	疚, 攰
	Enping (Niujiang)	疚, 攰
	Heshan (Yayao)	疚算
	Dongguan	攰
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	攰
	Qingyuan	攰
	Fogang	攰
	Yingde (Hanguang)	攰
	Yangshan	攰
	Lianshan (Butian)	累
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	攰
	Shaoguan	攰
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	攰
	Renhua	攰
	Lechang	攰
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	攰
	Sihui	攰
	Guangning	攰
	Deqing	攰
	Huaiji	攰
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	疓, 攰
	Yunfu	攰
	Xinxing	疓
	Luoding	攰
	Yunan (Pingtai)	攰
	Yangjiang	攰, 疓
	Xinyi	攰
	Lianjiang	攰
	Nanning	攰
	Wuzhou	攰
	Yulin	攰, 累
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	攰
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	攰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	攰
Gan	Nanchang	累
Hakka	Meixian	𤸁
	Xingning	𤸁
	Huidong (Daling)	𤸁
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𤸁
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𤸁
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𤸁
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	𤸁
	Wengyuan	𤸁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𤸁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𤸁
	Liannan	𤸁
	Jiexi	渴
	Luhe	悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	悿
	Changting	累
	Wuping	𤸁
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𤸁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𤸁
	Liancheng	𤸁
	Ninghua	累
	Ningdu	累
	Ruijin	𤸁
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𤸁
	Tonggu (Sandu)	累
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	悿
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	悿, 𤸁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	悿
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	悿
	Hong Kong	𤸁
	Xinyi (Sihe)	𤸁
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	𤸁
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	𤸁
	Mengshan (Xihe)	𤸁
	Luchuan	𤸁
	Senai (Huiyang)	𤸁
	Kuching (Hepo)	𤺪
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	渴
	Singkawang	渴
Huizhou	Jixi	吃力
Jin	Taiyuan	乏, 累
	Xinzhou	累
Northern Min	Jian'ou	累, 軟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	弱
Southern Min	Xiamen	𤺪, 厭
	Quanzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhangzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhao'an	厭, 悿
	Taipei	悿
	Taipei (Wanhua)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	悿
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung	悿
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	悿
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	悿
	Yilan	悿, 懶
	Yilan (Toucheng)	悿, 𤺪
	Changhua (Lukang)	悿
	Taichung	𤺪
	Taichung (Wuqi)	悿
	Tainan	悿, 𤺪
	Tainan (Anping)	悿, 𤺪
	Taitung	悿
	Hsinchu	悿, 𤺪
	Kinmen	悿
	Penghu (Magong)	悿, 𤺪
	Penghu (Xiyu)	悿, 𤺪
	Penang (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Manila (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Chaozhou	乏, 累
	Shantou	乏, 𤺪
	Shantou (Chenghai)	乏
	Jieyang	乏
	Haifeng	悿
	Bangkok (Teochew)	乏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乏
	Singapore (Teochew)	𤺪, 累, 乏
	Leizhou	乏
	Wenchang	乏
	Haikou	乏
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瞓
Wu	Shanghai	吃力, 衰瘏
	Suzhou	吃力
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	吃力
	Ningbo	着力, 吃力 rare
	Wenzhou	㾯, 吃力
Xiang	Changsha	傫
	Shuangfeng	鶴累

References

• “Entry #3894”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

忝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): てん (ten)
• Kun: かたじけな (katajikena)

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Korean

Hanja

忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 忝 (thỏm, thiểm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation