惡意

See also: 恶意

Chinese

		evil; to hate; to loathe evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated	idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)
trad. (惡意)		惡	意
simp. (恶意)		恶	意

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): èyì

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³ ji³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ok-yi

  (Hailu, HRS): og rhi^ˇ

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): orh⁶ i⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ok-ì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ag⁴ i³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: èyì
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: èyì
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴-i⁴
    • Yale: è-yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehyih
    • Palladius: эи (ei)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 惡意 / 恶意 遏抑

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ok³ ji³
    • Yale: ok yi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸ ji³
    • Guangdong Romanization: og³ yi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³ jiː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-yi
    • Hakka Romanization System: og^ˋ i
    • Hagfa Pinyim: og⁵ yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ok̚² i⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-yi
    • Hakka Romanization System: og^ˋ (r)i
    • Hagfa Pinyim: og⁵ yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ok̚² (j)i⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: og rhi^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /ok⁵⁻² ʒi¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: orh⁶ i⁴ [Phonetic: orh⁷ i⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: o̤h-i̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ i⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: orh⁶ i⁴ [Phonetic: orh⁷ i⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒʔ²⁻⁴ i⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-ì
    • Tâi-lô: ok-ì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ok'ix
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ i²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ag⁴ i³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ak ì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚²⁻⁴ i²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'ak 'iH

Rime
Character	惡	意
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	烏各切	於記切
Baxter	'ak	'iH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔak̚/	/ʔɨH/
Li Rong	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔiəH/
Wang Li	/ɑk̚/	/ĭəH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ok3	ji3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak  ʔ(r)ək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ  qɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	惡	意
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔak ›	‹ ʔiH ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁak/	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/
English	bad, ugly	thought (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惡	意
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	14220	15153
Phonetic component	亞	意
Rime group	鐸	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	惡	意
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡ/	/*qɯɡs/

Noun

惡意

1. malice; ill will

   懷有惡意／怀有恶意  ―  huáiyǒu èyì  ―  to harbor malice

   • 莽侯妻疾，見其書，大怒，疑臨有惡意，不令得會喪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     莽侯妻疾，见其书，大怒，疑临有恶意，不令得会丧。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Mǎng Hóu qī jí, jiàn qí shū, dànù, yí Lín yǒu èyì, bù lìng dé huìsāng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Antonyms

• 好心 (hǎoxīn)

Derived terms

• 惡意收購 / 恶意收购 (èyì shōugòu)
• 惡意軟件 / 恶意软件 (èyì ruǎnjiàn)
• 惡意軟體 / 恶意软体 (èyì ruǎntǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (惡意):

• → Japanese: 悪(あく)意(い) (akui)
• → Korean: 악의(惡意) (agui)
• → Vietnamese: ác ý (惡意)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
惡	意
あく Jinmeiyō	い Grade: 3
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 惡意 – see the following entry.

【悪意あくい】 [noun] malice [noun] a bad meaning

(This term, 惡意, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
惡	意

Noun

惡意 • (agui) (hangeul 악의)

1. hanja form^? of 악의 (“malice”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
惡	意

Noun

惡意

1. chữ Hán form of ác ý (“malice”)