河南

Chinese

		river	south
simp. and trad. (河南)		河	南
anagram		南河
Literally: “south of the river”.

Etymology

“Henan”

So named as it (largely) lies on the south of the Yellow River.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hénán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁴ naam⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Hò-nàm

  (Hailu, HRS): ho nam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ho² nam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): Ò̤-nàng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hor² nang²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hô-lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ho⁵ lam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu-noe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hénán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hénán
    • Wade–Giles: Ho²-nan²
    • Yale: Hé-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hernan
    • Palladius: Хэнань (Xɛnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ho⁴ naam⁴
    • Yale: hòh nàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴ naam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴ nam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hò-nàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ho^ˇ nam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ho² nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ nam¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ho nam
    • Sinological IPA: /ho⁵⁵ nam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ho² nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ nam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Ò̤-nàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hor² nang² [Phonetic: hor⁵ nang²]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Hó̤-náng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hor² nang² [Phonetic: hor⁵ nang²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hô-lâm
    • Tâi-lô: Hô-lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoilaam
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ho⁵ lam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hô lâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu-noe
    • MiniDict: wu^去 noe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-noe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² nø⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: ha nom

Rime
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡歌切	那含切
Baxter	ha	nom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ/	/nʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ/	/nəm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ/	/nɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa/	/nəm/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ/	/nᴀm/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ/	/nɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑ/	/năm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé	nán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho4	naam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɡ]ˤaj  nˤ[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl  nuːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé	nán
Middle Chinese	‹ ha ›	‹ nom ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.ɡ]ˁaj/	/*nˁ[ə]m/
English	river	south
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7459	9355
Phonetic component	可	南
Rime group	歌	侵
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	何	南
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːl/	/*nuːm/

Proper noun

河南

1. (historical) Henan (region south of the lower reaches of the Yellow River)

   河南郡  ―  Hénán Jùn  ―  Henan Commandery (in present day Luoyang, Henan)

   河南府  ―  Hénán Fǔ  ―  Henan Prefecture (in present day Luoyang, Henan)

   河南道  ―  Hénán Dào  ―  Henan Circuit (in present day's Henan and Shandong)

2. (～省) Henan (a province of China)
3. (historical) (～地) region south of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, in today's Ordos Plateau and Hetao.
4. Henan (an island and former district, now part of Haizhu District south of the old urban core of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)
5. (～省) Hà Nam (a former province of Vietnam (abolished in 2025))
6. (～縣, ～蒙古族自治縣) Henan, Henan Mongol Autonomous County (a Mongol autonomous county in the Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Huangnan prefecture, Qinghai Province, China)
7. (～町) Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
8. (～市) Hanam (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)

Coordinate terms

• 河內／河内 (Hénèi)
• 河中 (Hézhōng)
• 河外 (Héwài)
• 河東／河东 (Hédōng)
• 河西 (héxī)
• 河北 (Héběi)

Derived terms

• 河南墜子 / 河南坠子 (Hénán zhuìzi)
• 河南梆子 (Hénán bāngzi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (河南):

• → Japanese: 河(か)南(なん) (Kanan)
• → Korean: 하남(河南) (Hanam)
• → Vietnamese: Hà Nam (河南)

Others:

• → English: Henan
• → Manchu: ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ (honan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
河	南
か Grade: 5	なん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 河南 (Hénán).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠nã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

河(か)南(なん) • (Kanan) 

1. Henan (a province of China)
2. (historical) Henan (a geographic region south of the Yellow River in northern China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	な Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	みなみ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	なみ Grade: 2
kun'yomi	nanori

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠nã̠ɴ]

• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠na̠]

• (Tokyo) かわみなみ [kàwámíꜜnàmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠mʲina̠mʲi]

• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠na̠mʲi]

Proper noun

河(か)南(なん) • (Kanan) 

1. Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
2. Kanan (neighborhoods in Japan):
   1. a neighborhood of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture
   2. a neighborhood of Imabari, Ehime Prefecture
   3. a neighborhood of Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture

Proper noun

河(かわ)南(な) • (Kawana) ^{←かはな (Kafana)?}

1. a surname

Proper noun

河(かわ)南(みなみ) • (Kawaminami) ^{←かはみなみ (Kafaminami)?}

1. Kawaminami (a neighborhood of Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)

Proper noun

河(かわ)南(なみ) • (Kawanami) ^{←かはなみ (Kafanami)?}

1. Kawanami (a neighborhood of Maibara, Shiga Prefecture, Japan)

Korean

Hanja in this term
河	南

Proper noun

河南 • (Hanam) (hangeul 하남)

1. hanja form^? of 하남 : Henan (a province of China)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
河	南

Proper noun

河南

1. chữ Hán form of Hà Nam

References

• Văn Mới (1954)