犯罪

Chinese

		to violate; to offend	guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
trad. (犯罪)		犯	罪
simp. #(犯罪)		犯	罪
anagram		罪犯

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fànzuì

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fan⁴ zui⁴

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fānzuī

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): fānzuī

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faan⁶ zeoi⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): feng³ zui³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fam-chhui

  (Hailu, HRS): fam^˖ cui^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fam⁴ cui⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): fan³ zui³
• Northern Min (KCR): huāng-cò
• Eastern Min (BUC): huâng-cô̤i
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hang⁵ zuei⁵ / hang⁵ zuai⁵ / hang⁵ zoi⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoǎn-chǒe / hoān-chōe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ zuê⁶ / huam⁶ zuê⁶

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): faan⁶ zui⁶
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ve-zoe₆; ⁶ve-ze₆ / ⁴vae-dzei₄ / ⁶vaen-dzuei₆
  • (Jinhua): ³fa-sae₃
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan⁵ zei⁵

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): fan^5* zui⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fànzuì
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄗㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fànzuèi
    • Wade–Giles: fan⁴-tsui⁴
    • Yale: fàn-dzwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanntzuey
    • Palladius: фаньцзуй (fanʹczuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fan⁴ zui⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fanzui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²¹³ t͡suei²¹³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: fānzuī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fã⁵⁵ t͡suei⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: fānzuī
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): fan⁴ zui⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fã⁴⁴ t͡suəi⁴⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фанзуй (fanzuy, III-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fæ̃⁴⁴ t͡suei⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: faan⁶ zeoi⁶
    • Yale: faahn jeuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁶ dzoey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan⁶ zêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²² t͡sɵy̯²²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: feng³ zui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛŋ³² t͡sui³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-chhui
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam cui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴ cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam^˖ cui^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /fam³³ t͡sʰui³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fam⁴ cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: fan³ zui³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃⁴⁵ t͡suei⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huāng-cò
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuaŋ⁵⁵ t͡so⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huâng-cô̤i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t͡s-)ʒɔy²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuei⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuei⁵]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hāng-cōi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suei¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuei⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuei⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡suei²¹/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zuai⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zuai⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ¹¹⁻⁴² t͡suɐi¹¹/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hang⁵ zoi⁵ [Phonetic: hang⁴ zoi⁵]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ²¹⁻⁴² t͡soi²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn-chǒe
    • Tâi-lô: huǎn-tsuě
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²² t͡sue²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān-chōe
    • Tâi-lô: huān-tsuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaxnzoe
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³⁻²¹ t͡sue³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /huan³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁶ zuê⁶ / huam⁶ zuê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng tsuĕ / huăm tsuĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/, /huam³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sue³⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: faan⁶ zui⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²² t͡sui²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ve-zoe₆; ⁶ve-ze₆
    • MiniDict: ve^去 zoe^去; ve^去 ze^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ve-zoe₃; ³ve-ze₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²² zø⁴⁴/, /ve²² ze⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Chongming)
    • Wugniu: ⁴vae-dzei₄
    • MiniDict: vae^上 dzei^上
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /fvæ²⁴² d͡zei/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁶vaen-dzuei₆
    • MiniDict: vaen^去 dzuei^去
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /vẽ̞¹¹ d͡zɹ̩ʷei⁵³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ³fa-sae₃
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /fɑ³³ sɛ⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fan⁵ zei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸan²¹⁻¹¹ t͡se̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: fan^5* zui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan²¹³⁻³¹ t͡su̯i²¹³/

Verb

犯⫽罪 (verb-object)

1. (intransitive) to commit a crime

   犯罪頭目／犯罪头目  ―  fànzuì tóumù  ―  crime lord

   跨境犯罪  ―  kuàjìng fànzuì  ―  cross-border crime

   黑惡犯罪／黑恶犯罪  ―  hēi'è fànzuì  ―  underworld crime

   犯罪窩點／犯罪窝点  ―  fànzuì wōdiǎn  ―  crime den

   構成犯罪／构成犯罪  ―  gòuchéng fànzuì  ―  to constitute a crime

   減少犯罪／减少犯罪  ―  jiǎnshǎo fànzuì  ―  to reduce crime

   涉嫌犯罪  ―  shèxián fànzuì  ―  to be suspected of having committed a crime

2. (religion, intransitive) to sin

   • 因為世人都犯了罪，虧缺了神的榮耀 [MSC, trad.]
     因为世人都犯了罪，亏缺了神的荣耀 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 羅馬書 (Romans) 3:23

     Yīnwèi shìrén dōu fàn le zuì, kuīquē le Shén de róngyào [Pinyin]

     For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God

Synonyms

edit

• 作案 (zuò'àn)
• 幹案 / 干案 (gàn'àn) (Singapore, Malaysia)
• 得罪 (dézuì) (literary)
• 犯法 (fànfǎ)
• 犯科 (fànkē) (formal)
• 獲罪 / 获罪 (huòzuì)
• 違法 / 违法 (wéifǎ)

Adjective

犯罪

1. (medicine, attributive) culprit (vessel, lesion, etc.)

   犯罪血管  ―  fànzuì xuèguǎn  ―  culprit vessel

Derived terms

• 仇恨犯罪 (chóuhèn fànzuì)
• 單位犯罪 / 单位犯罪 (dānwèi fànzuì)
• 少年犯罪 (shàonián fànzuì)
• 性犯罪 (xìngfànzuì)
• 有組織犯罪 / 有组织犯罪 (yǒuzǔzhī fànzuì)
• 犯罪事實 / 犯罪事实 (fànzuì shìshí)
• 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
• 犯罪嫌疑人 (fànzuì xiányírén)
• 犯罪學 / 犯罪学 (fànzuìxué)
• 犯罪心理 (fànzuì xīnlǐ)
• 犯罪意圖 / 犯罪意图 (fànzuì yìtú)
• 犯罪故意 (fànzuì gùyì)
• 犯罪暗數 / 犯罪暗数 (fànzuì ànshù)
• 犯罪率 (fànzuìlǜ)
• 犯罪現場 / 犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
• 犯罪組織 / 犯罪组织 (fànzuì zǔzhī)
• 犯罪者 (fànzuìzhě)
• 犯罪行為 / 犯罪行为 (fànzuì xíngwéi)
• 犯罪記錄 / 犯罪记录 (fànzuì jìlù)
• 網絡犯罪 / 网络犯罪 (wǎngluò fànzuì)
• 青少年犯罪 (qīngshàonián fànzuì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犯罪):

• → Japanese: 犯罪(はんざい) (hanzai)
• → Korean: 범죄(犯罪) (beomjoe)
• → Vietnamese: phạm tội (犯罪)

Others:

• → Lingao: fam⁴ soi⁴

References

• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “1635 犯罪”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 451.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
犯	罪
はん Grade: 5	ざい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hã̠nd͡za̠i]
• (Tokyo) はんざい [hàńzáí] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

犯(はん)罪(ざい) • (hanzai)  (counter 件)

1. (law) a crime; an act that breaks law

   異世界(いせかい)犯罪(はんざい)者集団(しゃしゅうだん)ギャングラー

   isekai hanzai shashūdan gyangurā

   Interdimensional Crime Group Gangler

Derived terms

• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく) (hanzaigaku)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)学(がく)者(しゃ) (hanzaigakusha)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)行(こう)為(い) (hanzaikōi)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)事(じ)実(じつ) (hanzaijijitsu)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (hanzaisha)
• 戦(せん)争(そう)犯(はん)罪(ざい)者(しゃ) (sensōhanzaisha)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り) (hanzaishinri)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) (hanzaishinrigaku)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)捜(そう)査(さ) (hanzaisōsa)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ) (hanzaiyōgi)
• 犯(はん)罪(ざい)容(よう)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (hanzaiyōgisha)
• 性(せい)犯(はん)罪(ざい) (seihanzai)

References

• “犯罪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
犯	罪

Noun

犯罪 • (beomjoe) (hangeul 범죄)

1. hanja form^? of 범죄 (“crime”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
犯	罪

Verb

犯罪

1. chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“to commit a crime”)

Adjective

犯罪

1. chữ Hán form of phạm tội (“guilty; culpable”)