苛

Translingual

Han character

苛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿一弓口 (TMNR), four-corner 4462₁, composition ⿱艹可)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1022, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30785
• Dae Jaweon: page 1481, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3187, character 3
• Unihan data for U+82DB

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Chinese

trad.		苛
simp. #		苛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	*kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	*kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻	*kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	*kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵	*kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵	*qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	*qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	*ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴	*qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kē (ke¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹ / ho⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kho͘ / kho

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kē
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ke
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo¹
    • Yale: kē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ho¹ / ho⁴
    • Yale: hō / hòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹ / ho⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho¹ / ho⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/, /hɔː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho͘
    • Tâi-lô: khoo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qof
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho
    • Tâi-lô: kho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoy
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: ha

Rime
Character	苛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡歌切
Baxter	ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苛
Reading #	1/1
No.	7460
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	何
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苛

1. harsh; severe; exacting

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khô

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khô
    • Tâi-lô: khô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qooi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰo²⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苛

1. (Taiwan Southern Min) to put on airs; to give oneself airs
2. (Taiwan Southern Min) supercilious; arrogant; haughty; proud

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Japanese

Kanji

苛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: が (ga)
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
• Kun: こまかい (komakai); からい (karai, 苛い); いらだつ (iradatsu, 苛だつ)

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Korean

Hanja

苛 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.