菏

See also: 渮

Translingual

Han character

菏 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿水一口 (TEMR), four-corner 4412₁, composition ⿱艹河)

Related characters

• 渮 (Variant form)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31162
• Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3239, character 9
• Unihan data for U+83CF

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Chinese

trad.		菏
simp. #		菏
alternative forms		渮

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	*kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	*kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻	*kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	*kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵	*kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵	*qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	*qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	*ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴	*qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	*qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl, *ɡaːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 河 (OC *ɡaːl).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hé, gē (he², ge¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ, ㄍㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁴ / go¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hé
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hé
    • Wade–Giles: ho²
    • Yale: hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
    • Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, old variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gē
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ge
    • Wade–Giles: ko¹
    • Yale: gē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ho⁴ / go¹
    • Yale: hòh / gō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴ / go¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴ / go¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹/, /kɔː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ka, ha

Rime
Character	菏	菏
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古俄切	胡歌切
Baxter	ka	ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑ/	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑ/	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑ/	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ka/	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/kɑ/	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/kɑ/	/ɣɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑ/	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gē	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	go1	ho4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːl/, /*ɡaːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菏	菏
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7434	7464
Phonetic component	可	可
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	歌	何
Old Chinese	/*kaːl/	/*ɡaːl/
Notes	說文苛聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 菏

1. name of a river in Shandong province

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Japanese

Kanji

菏

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): か (ka), が (ga)
• Kun: くさ (kusa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 菏 (hà)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation