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蠶

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 蠺 and 蚕
蠶 U+8836, 蠶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8836
← 蠵
[U+8835] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蠷 →
[U+8837]

Translingual

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Han character

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蠶 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+18, 24 strokes, Cangjie input 一山日中戈 (MUALI), four-corner 11136, composition ⿱朁䖵)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1103, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1566, character 34
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2908, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8836

Chinese

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trad. 蠶
simp. 蚕*
alternative forms
𧉏
蝅
𧑯
𧌩
䗝
𧉏
蝅
𧑯
𧌩
䗝
蚕
䗞
䘉
𧕽
𧖟
蠺
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 蠶
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
簪 *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍 *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕 *ʔsluːm
憯 *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆 *sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁 *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶 *zluːm
蚕 *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣 *sluːmʔ
熸 *ʔslom
鬵 *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊 *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛 *zlom, *zloms
僭 *ʔslɯːms
兓 *sl'ɯm
嶜 *zlum
兂 *ʔsrɯm
譖 *ʔsrums

Etymology

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Possibly related to Tibetan སྡོམ (sdom, “spider”), which is likely related to Tibetan སྡོམ (sdom, “to bind; to tie”), 蔪 (OC *zamʔ, “to entwine”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986). The silkworm, as the spider, would thus be seen as a "binder; spinner". Compare the semantic development of English spider, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”).

These may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tip ~ *tu(p/m) (“to wrap up”), whence also གཏུམ (gtum, “to wrap up”), Burmese ထုပ် (htup, “to wrap, bundle”); other Chinese comparanda include 縶 (OC *tib, “to rope, tether, bind”), and 纏 (OC *dan, *dans, “to bind”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • chhâm - literary;
    • chhêng/chhân - vernacular.
  • Taiwan:
    • chhâm - literary;
    • thâm - vernacular;
    • chhân - vernacular (used in 蠶豆).
Note:
  • coin5 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • cain5 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 蠶
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰan³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰan²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰan⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰã⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰã²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰã²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰan²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰan³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰan²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰã̠³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɑŋ¹³/
/t͡sɑŋ¹³/ ～兒
Hohhot /t͡sʰæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
Suzhou /zø¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /zø³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡san¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɵn²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰam¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰam²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰan²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰam²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰõi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sai³¹/
Rime
Character 蠶
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨含切
Baxter dzom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zʌm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zəm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zəm/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zᴀm/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zɒm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蠶
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzom ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.[dz]ˁ[ə]m/
English silkworm

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蠶
Reading # 1/1
No. 6702
Phonetic
component 		兓
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		蠶
Old
Chinese 		/*zluːm/

Definitions

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蠶

  1. silkworm

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 蠶 (“silkworm”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 蠶
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蠶
Taxonomic name 蠶
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蠶
Taiwan 蠶, 蠶寶寶
Chengde 蠶
Chifeng 蠶
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 蠶
Heihe 蠶
Qiqihar 蠶
Harbin 蠶
Jiamusi 蠶
Baicheng 蠶
Changchun 蠶
Tonghua 蠶
Shenyang 蠶
Jinzhou 蠶
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 蠶
Tangshan 蠶
Cangzhou 蠶兒
Baoding 蠶
Shijiazhuang 蠶
Lijin 蠶
Jinan 蠶
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 蠶
Dandong 蠶
Yantai 蠶
Yantai (Muping) 蠶
Qingdao 蠶
Zhucheng 蠶
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蠶兒
Lingbao 蠶
Jining 蠶
Wanrong 蠶
Linfen 蠶兒, 桑蠶
Shangqiu 蠶
Yuanyang 蠶
Zhengzhou 蠶兒
Xinyang 蠶
Baihe 蠶
Xi'an 蠶
Baoji 蠶
Tianshui 蠶
Xining 蠶
Xuzhou 蠶
Fuyang 蠶
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蠶
Lanzhou 蠶兒, 蠶
Dunhuang 蠶兒
Hami 蠶
Ürümqi 蠶
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蠶子
Nanchong 蠶子
Dazhou 蠶子
Hanyuan 蠶子
Xichang 蠶子
Zigong 蠶子
Chongqing 蠶子
Wuhan 蠶
Yichang 蠶子, 蠶
Xiangyang 蠶
Tianmen 蠶
Guiyang 蠶子, 蠶
Zunyi 蠶
Bijie 蠶子
Liping 蠶崽
Zhaotong 蠶
Daguan 蠶子
Dali 蠶
Kunming 蠶
Mengzi 蠶
Guilin 蠶
Liuzhou 蠶, 蠶蟲
Jishou 蠶兒
Changde 蠶
Hanzhong 蠶子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蠶, 蠶寶寶, 寶寶, 寶貝
Yangzhou 蠶子, 蠶
Lianyungang 蠶
Lianshui 蠶
Nantong 蠶兒, 蠶寶寶
Anqing 蠶
Wuhu 蠶
Hefei 蠶
Huanggang 蠶兒
Hong'an 蠶
Cantonese Guangzhou 蠶蟲, 蠶
Hong Kong 蠶蟲, 蠶
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 蠶蟲, 蠶
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 蠶蟲
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 蠶蟲
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 蠶蟲
Macau 蠶
Guangzhou (Panyu) 蠶
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蠶
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蠶
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蠶
Foshan 蠶
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 蠶
Foshan (Shunde) 蠶
Foshan (Sanshui) 蠶
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蠶
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 蠶蟲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蠶蟲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蠶
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蠶
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蠶
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蠶
Taishan 蠶
Kaiping (Chikan) 蠶
Enping (Niujiang) 蠶
Heshan (Yayao) 蠶
Dongguan 蠶蟲, 蠶
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蠶
Qingyuan 蠶蟲
Fogang 蠶
Yingde (Hanguang) 蠶蟲
Yangshan 蠶蟲
Lianshan (Butian) 蠶
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 蠶
Shaoguan 蠶蟲
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 蠶
Renhua 蠶蟲
Lechang 蠶蟲
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 蠶
Sihui 蠶
Guangning 蠶
Deqing 蠶
Huaiji 蠶
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 蠶
Yunfu 蠶
Xinxing 蠶
Luoding 蠶蟲
Yunan (Pingtai) 蠶
Yangjiang 蠶
Xinyi 蠶
Lianjiang 蠶, 蠶蟲
Nanning 蠶蟲, 蠶
Wuzhou 蠶
Yulin 蠶
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蠶
Danzhou 蠶
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 蠶
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蠶
Gan Nanchang 蠶
Lichuan 蠶
Pingxiang 蠶蟲
Hakka Meixian 蠶仔
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 蠶蟲
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蠶
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蠶蟲
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 蠶蟲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 蠶
Heyuan (Bendihua) 蠶
Liannan 蠶
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 蠶
Jiexi 蠶
Changting 蠶哩
Ninghua 蠶
Yudu 蠶子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 蠶仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蠶仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蠶仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蠶
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蠶仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蠶
Hong Kong 蠶蟲
Luchuan 蠶
Luchuan (Daqiao) 蠶
Senai (Huiyang) 蠶
Huizhou Jixi 蠶
Shexian 蠶
Huangshan (Tunxi) 蠶兒
Jin Taiyuan 蠶, 蠶兒
Pingyao 蠶兒
Yangyuan 蠶
Datong 蠶兒
Xinzhou 蠶兒
Lüliang (Lishi) 蠶兒
Changzhi 蠶
Linhe 蠶
Jining 蠶
Hohhot 蠶
Erenhot 蠶
Pingshan 蠶兒
Zhangjiakou 蠶
Handan 蠶
Linzhou 蠶
Suide 蠶兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 蠶仔
Songxi 蠶仔
Zhenghe 蠶仔
Jianyang 蠶仔
Wuyishan 蠶仔
Pucheng (Shibei) 蠶蟲
Eastern Min Fuzhou 蠶繭
Fuzhou (Changle) 蠶囝
Fuqing 桑囝
Yongtai 蠶囝
Gutian 蠶繭
Fu'an 蠶
Ningde 蠶繭
Shouning 桑蟲
Zhouning 蠶
Fuding 蠶
Matsu 絲蟲
Southern Min Xiamen 娘仔
Xiamen (Tong'an) 娘仔
Quanzhou 娘仔
Jinjiang 娘仔
Yongchun 娘仙, 娘
Zhangzhou 娘仔, 蠶
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 娘仔, 蠶貓仔
Hua'an 絲蟲
Pinghe 蠶仔
Zhangpu 蠶
Yunxiao 蠶
Zhao'an 蠶仔
Zhao'an (Sidu) 蠶仔
Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang) 蠶
Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping) 蠶
Dongshan 蠶
Taipei 娘仔
New Taipei (Tamsui) 娘仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 娘仔
New Taipei (Pingxi) 娘仔
Kaohsiung 蠶仔
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 蠶仔
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 蠶仔
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 蠶仔
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 蠶仔
Yilan 娘仔
Yilan (Luodong) 娘仔
Yilan (Toucheng) 娘仔
Changhua (Lukang) 娘仔
Changhua (Yongjing) 娘仔
Taichung 娘仔
Tainan 蠶仔
Tainan (Anping) 蠶仔
Hsinchu 娘仔
Miaoli (Houlong) 娘仔
Chiayi 蠶
Chiayi County (Taibao) 蠶仔
Chiayi County (Shuishang) 蠶
Chiayi County (Zhongpu) 蠶
Chiayi County (Dapu) 蠶
Chiayi County (Zhuqi) 蠶
Chiayi County (Dalin) 蠶
Chiayi County (Xikou) 蠶
Chiayi County (Minxiong) 絲蠶
Chiayi County (Puzi) 蠶
Chiayi County (Liujiao) 蠶
Chiayi County (Suantou) 蠶
Chiayi County (Fanlu) 蠶仔
Chiayi County (Alishan) 蠶
Chiayi County (Lucao) 蠶
Chiayi County (Yizhu) 蠶
Chiayi County (Xingang) 蠶
Chiayi County (Meishan) 蠶
Chiayi County (Dongshi) 蠶仔, 蠶
Chiayi County (Budai) 蠶
Chiayi County (Wangliao) 蠶
Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng) 蠶仔
Kinmen 娘仔, 蠶
Penghu (Magong) 娘仔, 蠶
Penghu (Xiyu) 蠶, 娘仔
Longyan 蠶仔
Zhangping (Yongfu) 蟲
Datian 絲蟲
Pingnan (Shangdu) 蠶仔
Chaozhou 蠶
Raoping 蠶
Shantou 蠶
Haifeng 蠶
Bangkok (Teochew) 蠶
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蠶
Wenchang 蠶
Haikou 蠶蟲, 蠶
Puxian Min Putian 娘囝
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 娘囝
Xianyou 娘囝
Central Min Yong'an 蠶仔蟲, 蠶仔
Sanming (Sanyuan) 蠶仔
Sanming (Shaxian) 蠶仔
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 蠶
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 蠶蟲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蠶蟲
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蠶
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 絲蟲
Wu Shanghai 蠶, 蠶寶寶
Shanghai (Chongming) 蠶
Suzhou 蠶, 蠶寶寶, 寶寶
Wuxi 蠶寶寶
Danyang 蠶
Hangzhou 蠶寶寶
Ningbo 蠶, 蠶寶寶
Wenzhou 蠶兒
Jinhua 蠶兒
Xiang Changsha 蠶子, 蠶
Loudi 蠶子
Shuangfeng 蠶子
Quanzhou 蠶
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 蠶
Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) 蠶
Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 蠶屎蟲, 蠶
Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 蠶
Renhua (Zhoutian) 蠶
Renhua (Shitang) 蠶
Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) 蠶
Lechang (Changlai) 蠶絲蟲
Lechang (Beixiang) 桑蟲
Lechang (Huangpu) 蠶子龍
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 蠶蟲
Lechang (Sanxi) 蠶蟲

Compounds

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References

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  • “蠶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “蚕”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 193.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

蚕

Kyūjitai

蠶

Kanji

[edit]
蠶

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 蚕)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: ぞん (zon)←ぞん (zon, historical)←ぞむ (zomu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)
  • Kun: かいこ (kaiko, 蠶)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

蠶 (eumhun 누에 잠 (nue jam))

  1. silkworm

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

蠶: Hán Việt readings: tàm[1][2][3][4][5][6]
蠶: Nôm readings: tằm[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tòm[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of tằm (“silkworm”)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Takeuchi (1988).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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