運動

See also: 运动

Chinese

		to move; to transport; to use to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate	to move; to change; to use to move; to change; to use; to act
trad. (運動)		運	動
simp. (运动)		运	动

Etymology

Attestable in ancient Chinese texts. For the sense of "sports", wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 運動(うんどう) (undō)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yùndòng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүндун (yündun, III-III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ dung⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yun-thung
• Eastern Min (BUC): ông-dông
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ūn-tōng / ūn-tǒng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ung⁷ dong⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yun-don

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yùndòng → yùndong (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ → ㄩㄣˋ ˙ㄉㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yùndo̊ng
    • Wade–Giles: yün⁴-tung⁵
    • Yale: yùn-dung
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn.donq
    • Palladius: юньдун (junʹdun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/ → /yn⁵¹ d̥ʊŋ¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 暈動／晕动 運動／运动

  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүндун (yündun, III-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁴⁴ tuŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wan⁶ dung⁶
    • Yale: wahn duhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ dung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ dung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² tʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun-thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: iun tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴ tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun-thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴ tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un⁵⁵ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ông-dông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(t-)nouŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn-tōng
    • Tâi-lô: ūn-tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uxndong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /un²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /un³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /un³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn-tǒng
    • Tâi-lô: ūn-tǒng
    • IPA (Philippines): /un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ung⁷ dong⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ūng tŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ¹¹ toŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yun-don
    • MiniDict: yuin^去 don
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhyn-don
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦyn²² doŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: hjunH duwngX

Rime
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	王問切	徒揔切
Baxter	hjunH	duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨunH/	/duŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiunH/	/duŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuənH/	/duŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦunH/	/dəwŋX/
Li Rong	/ɣiuənH/	/duŋX/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuənH/	/duŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uənH/	/dʱuŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yùn	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan6	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷər-s  [Cə-m-]tˤoŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuns  doːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yùn	dòng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjunH ›	‹ duwngX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷər-s/	/*[Cə-m-]tˁoŋʔ/
English	turn round, move	move
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	運	動
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7341	17449
Phonetic component	軍	重
Rime group	文	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	運	動
Old Chinese	/*ɢuns/	/*doːŋʔ/

Verb

運動

1. to exercise; to move about
2. to get things done by pulling strings

Synonyms

• (to exercise): 鍛鍊／锻炼 (duànliàn), 活動／活动 (huódòng), 健身 (jiànshēn)

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 運動

1. sports; athletics; exercise; game

   球類運動／球类运动  ―  qiúlèi yùndòng  ―  ball games

2. (physics) movement; motion
3. (politics) movement; campaign

   掃盲運動／扫盲运动  ―  sǎománg yùndòng  ―  movement to eliminate illiteracy

   平權運動／平权运动  ―  píngquán yùndòng  ―  equal rights movement

Synonyms

• (sports): 體育／体育 (tǐyù)

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
運	動
うん Grade: 3	どう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

運(うん)動(どう) • (undō) 

1. athletics, exercise
2. (politics) movement, drive, campaign
3. (physics) movement

Synonyms

• (athletics): スポーツ (supōtsu, “sport”)
• (public movement): ムーブメント (mūbumento, “movement”)

See also

• 体(たい)操(そう) (taisō, “gymnastics, exercises”)
• エクササイズ (ekusasaizu)

Derived terms

• 運(うん)動(どう)会(かい) (undōkai): athletic meet
• 運(うん)動(どう)場(じょう) (undōjō), 運(うん)動(どう)場(ば) (undōba): athletic ground
• 運(うん)動(どう)選(せん)手(しゅ) (undōsenshu): athlete

Verb

運(うん)動(どう)する • (undō suru) intransitive suru (stem 運(うん)動(どう)し (undō shi), past 運(うん)動(どう)した (undō shita))

1. exercise, work out

Conjugation

Conjugation of "運動する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	運動し	うんどうし	undō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	運動し	うんどうし	undō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	運動する	うんどうする	undō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	運動する	うんどうする	undō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	運動すれ	うんどうすれ	undō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	運動せよ¹ 運動しろ²	うんどうせよ¹ うんどうしろ²	undō seyo¹ undō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	運動される	うんどうされる	undō sareru
Causative	運動させる 運動さす	うんどうさせる うんどうさす	undō saseru undō sasu
Potential	運動できる	うんどうできる	undō dekiru
Volitional	運動しよう	うんどうしよう	undō shiyō
Negative	運動しない	うんどうしない	undō shinai
Negative continuative	運動せず	うんどうせず	undō sezu
Formal	運動します	うんどうします	undō shimasu
Perfective	運動した	うんどうした	undō shita
Conjunctive	運動して	うんどうして	undō shite
Hypothetical conditional	運動すれば	うんどうすれば	undō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 鍛(たん)錬(れん) (tanren)

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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Korean

Hanja in this term
運	動

Noun

運動 • (undong) (hangeul 운동)

1. Hanja form^? of 운동 (“exercise; physical activity; sport; movement in general”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
運	動

Verb

運動

1. Template:han tu form of