高麗

See also: 高丽

Chinese

		high; tall	beautiful; Korea
trad. (高麗)		高	麗
simp. (高丽)		高	丽

Etymology

From a shortening of 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Gāolí

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ lai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Kô-lì
• Eastern Min (BUC): Gŏ̤-là̤
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Ko-lê
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kau-li

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Gāolí
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠ ㄌㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Gaolí
    • Wade–Giles: Kao¹-li²
    • Yale: Gāu-lí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gauli
    • Palladius: Гаоли (Gaoli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gou¹ lai⁶
    • Yale: gōu laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kô-lì
    • Hakka Romanization System: go´ liˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: go¹ li²
    • Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴ li¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Gŏ̤-là̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ko-lê
    • Tâi-lô: Ko-lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koilee
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kau-li
    • MiniDict: kau^平 li
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kau-li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ⁵⁵ li²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kaw lje|lejH

Rime
Character	高	麗	麗
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	支 (11)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	IV
Fanqie	古勞切	呂支切	郎計切
Baxter	kaw	lje	lejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/	/liᴇ/	/leiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/	/liɛ/	/leiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/	/ljɛ/	/lɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/	/liə̆/	/lɛjH/
Li Rong	/kɑu/	/lie/	/leiH/
Wang Li	/kɑu/	/lǐe/	/lieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/	/lie̯/	/lieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo	lí	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou1	lei4	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤaw  [r]ˤe-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːw  reːls|rel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	高	麗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›	‹ lejH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/	/*[r]ˁe-s/
English	high, tall	symmetrical
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	高	麗	麗
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	3726	7914	7917
Phonetic component	高	丽	丽
Rime group	宵	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	1	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	髙	麗	離
Old Chinese	/*kaːw/	/*reːls/	/*rel/

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 高麗

1. (historical) Goryeo

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 高麗

1. (Southern Min) Korean ginseng

Synonyms

• 高麗參／高丽参 (gāolíshēn)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高	麗
こう > こ Grade: 2	ま Grade: S
irregular

⟨ko₂ma⟩ → */koma/ → /koma/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Ultimate derivation unknown.

Alternative forms

• 狛

Prefix

高(こ)麗(ま) • (koma-) 

1. indicates something that was originally imported via the Korean Peninsula

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 独楽(こま) (koma): a top (a spinning toy)
• 高麗(こま)人(うど) (komaudo): a person from the Goguryeo or Goryeo kingdoms on the Korean peninsula
• 高麗(こま)楽(がく), 狛(こま)楽(がく) (komagaku): a kind of traditional court music originally imported via the Korean Peninsula
• 高麗(こま)錦(にしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (komanishiki): a kind of lace originally imported via the Korean Peninsula
• 高麗(こま)剣(つるぎ), 狛(こま)剣(つるぎ) (komatsurugi): a kind of sword originally imported via the Korean Peninsula

Proper noun

高(こ)麗(ま) • (Koma) 

1. (historical) the Goguryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 37 BCE–668 CE
2. (archaic) Korea, the Korean Peninsula (used more commonly in compounds than as a standalone term)
3. (historical) a county in Saitama Prefecture (originally settled in the mid-600s CE by immigrants from the Korean Peninsula; abolished as an administrative entity in 1896)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高	麗
こう Grade: 2	らい Grade: S
on’yomi

Borrowing from Middle Korean. Cognate with modern Korean 고려 (goryeo) and English Korea.

Appears with this reading in The Pillow Book, completed in the early 1000s CE.

Proper noun

高(こう)麗(らい) • (Kōrai) ^{←かうらい (kaurai)?}

1. (historical) the Goryeo kingdom, located on the Korean Peninsula 918–1392 CE

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 高(こう)麗(らい)人(にん)参(じん) (Kōrai ninjin): ginseng, specifically Panax ginseng

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Korean

Hanja in this term
高	麗

Proper noun

高麗 • (goryeo) (hangeul 고려)

1. Hanja form^? of 고려 (“Goryeo”).

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Okinawan

Proper noun

高麗 (hiragana こーれー, romaji Kōrē, sort こおれえ)

1. Goryeo
2. Korea

   Synonym: 韓国 (Kwankuku), 朝鮮 (Chōshin)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
高	麗

Proper noun

高麗

1. chữ Hán form of Cao Li (“Goryeo”).