平常
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Chinese
[edit]flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful |
always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (平常) |
平 | 常 | |
anagram | 常平 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ping4 soeng4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phìn-sòng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pêng-siông / pêng-siâng / pîⁿ-siûⁿ
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bin-zan
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: píngcháng
- Wade–Giles: pʻing2-chʻang2
- Yale: píng-cháng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngcharng
- Palladius: пинчан (pinčan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ping4 soeng4
- Yale: pìhng sèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ping4 soeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: ping4 sêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ sœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn-sòng
- Hakka Romanization System: pinˇ songˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pin2 song2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹ soŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-siông
- Tâi-lô: pîng-siông
- Phofsit Daibuun: pengsioong
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-siâng
- Tâi-lô: pîng-siâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: pengsiaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ-siûⁿ
- Tâi-lô: pînn-siûnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvisviuu
- IPA (Taipei): /pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ siũ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Wu
Adjective
[edit]平常
- ordinary; common; usual; not rare; unexceptional
- (euphemistic) so-so; average
Synonyms
[edit]- (ordinary):
- (so-so):
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]平常
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (平常):
- → Japanese: 平常 (heijō)
- → Korean: 평상(平常) (pyeongsang)
- → Vietnamese: bình thường (平常)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
平 | 常 |
へい Grade: 3 |
じょう Grade: 5 |
goon | kan'on |
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 平常 (MC bjien|bjaeng dzyang). First appears in the 818 CE poetry compilation 文華秀麗集 (Bunka Shūrei Shū, literally “Collection of Beautiful Splendid Writing”).[1]
The mixed reading with goon for the first character and kan'on for the second character suggests a shift in the reading after initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]平常 • (heijō) ←へいじやう (feizyau)?-na (adnominal 平常な (heijō na), adverbial 平常に (heijō ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 平常
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 平常だろ | へいじょうだろ | heijō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 平常で | へいじょうで | heijō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 平常だ | へいじょうだ | heijō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 平常な | へいじょうな | heijō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 平常なら | へいじょうなら | heijō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 平常であれ | へいじょうであれ | heijō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 平常ではない 平常じゃない |
へいじょうではない へいじょうじゃない |
heijō de wa nai heijō ja nai |
Informal past | 平常だった | へいじょうだった | heijō datta |
Informal negative past | 平常ではなかった 平常じゃなかった |
へいじょうではなかった へいじょうじゃなかった |
heijō de wa nakatta heijō ja nakatta |
Formal | 平常です | へいじょうです | heijō desu |
Formal negative | 平常ではありません 平常じゃありません |
へいじょうではありません へいじょうじゃありません |
heijō de wa arimasen heijō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 平常でした | へいじょうでした | heijō deshita |
Formal negative past | 平常ではありませんでした 平常じゃありませんでした |
へいじょうではありませんでした へいじょうじゃありませんでした |
heijō de wa arimasen deshita heijō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 平常で | へいじょうで | heijō de |
Conditional | 平常なら(ば) | へいじょうなら(ば) | heijō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 平常だったら | へいじょうだったら | heijō dattara |
Volitional | 平常だろう | へいじょうだろう | heijō darō |
Adverbial | 平常に | へいじょうに | heijō ni |
Degree | 平常さ | へいじょうさ | heijōsa |
Noun
[edit]平常 • (heijō) ←へいじやう (feizyau)?
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
平 | 常 |
Adjective
[edit]平常
- chữ Hán form of bình thường (“normal; ordinary; usual”).
Adverb
[edit]平常
- chữ Hán form of bình thường (“normally; usually”).
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