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===Kanji===
===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=4|rs=戈08|kyu=戰}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=4|rs=戈08|kyu=戰}}

# [[war]], [[battle]]
# [[match]]


====Readings====
====Readings====
Line 35: Line 38:
====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
{{der-top|Compounds}}
* {{ja-r|休%戦|きゅう%せん|[[truce]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦意|せんい|[[fighting]] [[spirit]]}}
* {{ja-r|作%戦|さく%せん|[[military]] [[operation]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦役|せんえき}}
* {{ja-r|戦%意|せん%い|[[fighting]] [[spirit]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦禍|せんか|war [[damage]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%役|せん%えき}}
* {{ja-r|戦技|せんぎ}}
* {{ja-r|戦%禍|せん%か|war [[damage]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦記|せんき|war [[chronicle]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%記|せん%き|war [[chronicle]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦況|せんきょう|war [[situation]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%況|せん%きょう|war [[situation]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦勲|せんくん}}
* {{ja-r|戦%国%時%代|せん%ごく%じ%だい|[[w:Sengoku period|Sengoku period]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦訓|せんくん}}
* {{ja-r|戦%士|せん%し|[[soldier]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦鼓|せんこ}}
* {{ja-r|戦%死|せん%し|[[death]] in war}}
* {{ja-r|戦功|せんこう}}
* {{ja-r|戦%術|せん%じゅつ|[[tactic]], [[tactics]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦国|せんごく}}
* {{ja-r|戦%勝|せん%しょう|[[victory]], [[triumph]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦債|せんさい}}
* {{ja-r|戦%車|せん%しゃ|[[tank]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦事|せんじ}}
* {{ja-r|戦%前|せん%ぜん|[[pre-war]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦士|せんし|[[soldier]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%場|せん%じょう|[[battlefield]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦車|せんしゃ|[[tank]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%陣|せん%じん}}
* {{ja-r|戦術|せんじゅつ|[[tactic]], [[tactics]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%線|せん%せん|[[frontline]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦書|せんしょ}}
* {{ja-r|戦%戦%恐%恐|せん%せん%きょう%きょう}}, {{ja-r|戦%々%恐%々|せん%せん%きょう%きょう}}
* {{ja-r|戦勝|せんしょう|[[victory]], [[triumph]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%争|せん%そう|[[war]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦場|せんじょう|[[battlefield]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%隊|せん%たい|[[military]] [[squadron]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦陣|せんじん}}
* {{ja-r|戦%闘|せん%とう|[[battle]], [[combat]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦勢|せんせい}}
* {{ja-r|戦%闘%機|せん%とう%き|[[fighter plane]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦前|せんぜん|[[pre-war]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%法|せん%ぽう|[[tactic]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦戦|せんせん|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|戦々|せんせん}}
* {{ja-r|戦%没|せん%ぼつ|death in war}}
* {{ja-r|戦線|せんせん|[[frontline]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%慄|せん%りつ|[[shudder]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦争|せんそう|[[war]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦%略|せん%りゃく|[[strategy]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦隊|せんたい|[[military]] [[squadron]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦闘|せんとう|[[battle]], [[combat]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦亡|せんぼう}}
* {{ja-r|戦法|せんぽう|[[tactic]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦袍|せんぽう}}
* {{ja-r|戦没|せんぼつ|death in war}}
* {{ja-r|戦友|せんゆう}}
* {{ja-r|戦慄|せんりつ|[[shudder]]}}
* {{ja-r|戦略|せんりゃく|[[strategy]]}}
* {{ja-r|一戦|いっせん}}
* {{ja-r|鏖戦|おうせん}}
* {{ja-r|外戦|がいせん}}
* {{ja-r|海戦|かいせん}}
* {{ja-r|火戦|かせん}}, {{ja-r|火兵%戦|かへい%せん}}
* {{ja-r|酣戦|かんせん}}
* {{ja-r|擬戦|ぎせん}}
* {{ja-r|騎戦|きせん}}
* {{ja-r|休戦|きゅうせん|[[truce]]}}
* {{ja-r|空戦|くうせん}}, {{ja-r|空中%戦|くうちゅう%せん|air battle}}
* {{ja-r|継戦|けいせん}}
* {{ja-r|故戦|こせん}}
* {{ja-r|作戦|さくせん|[[military]] [[operation]]}}
* {{ja-r|死戦|しせん}}
* {{ja-r|私戦|しせん}}
* {{ja-r|守戦|しゅせん}}
* {{ja-r|小戦|しょうせん}}
* {{ja-r|消耗%戦|しょうもう%せん}}
* {{ja-r|水戦|すいせん}}
* {{ja-r|正戦|せいせん}}
* {{ja-r|ゼロ戦|^ゼロせん}}, {{ja-r|零戦|^れいせん}}
* {{ja-r|前哨%戦|ぜんしょう%せん}}
* {{ja-r|地上%戦|ちじょう%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|長期%戦|ちょうき%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|内戦|ないせん}}
* {{ja-r|難戦|なんせん}}
* {{ja-r|搏戦|はくせん}}
* {{ja-r|白戦|はくせん}}, {{ja-r|白兵%戦|はくへい%せん}}
* {{ja-r|紛戦|ふんせん}}
* {{ja-r|防衛%戦|ぼうえい%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|立体%戦|りったい%-せん}}
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}


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{{ja-kanjitab|いくさ|yomi=kun}}
{{ja-kanjitab|いくさ|yomi=kun}}


From {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いくさ}}. Appears in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'', completed some time after 759 CE.<ref name="MYS">{{RQ:Manyoshu|6|972}}, text [http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man6Yos.html#972 here]</ref>
From {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=いくさ}}, first attested in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'' with the original sense of "[[soldier]]".


Considered to derive from a compound, possibly either {{m|ja|的|tr=</i>ancient <i>ikupa</i>, modern rendering <i>ikuha||target}} + {{m|ja|矢|tr=sa||arrow}}, or {{m|ja|いくう|いくふ|tr=</i>ancient <i>ikupu</i>, modern rendering <i>ikuu|to shoot (an arrow)}} + {{m|ja|矢|tr=sa||arrow}}. Notably, the ''iku'' in both proposed {{l|en|etyma}} appear to be cognate.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>
Considered to derive from a compound, possibly either {{m|ja|的|tr=</i>ancient <i>ikupa</i>, modern rendering <i>ikuha||[[target]]}} + {{m|ja|矢|tr=sa||[[arrow]]}}, or {{m|ja|いくう|いくふ|tr=</i>ancient <i>ikupu</i>, modern rendering <i>ikuu|to [[shoot]] (an arrow)}} + {{m|ja|矢|tr=sa||[[arrow]]}}. Notably, the ''iku'' in both proposed {{l|en|etyma}} appear to be cognate.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

The "[[archery]]" sense came later in the ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'', then was extended to mean "an [[exchange]] of [[arrow]]s" → "a [[battle]]".


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|いくさ|yomi=kun|acc=3|acc_ref=SMK2,ZAJ}}
{{ja-pron|いくさ|yomi=kun|acc=3|acc2=0|acc_ref=DJR,SMK2,ZAJ|acc2_ref=DJR}}

====Alternative forms====
* {{m|ja|軍}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{ja-noun|いくさ|kyu=戰}}
{{ja-noun|いくさ|kyu=戰}}


# a [[battle]] or [[war]]
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=いくさ}} a [[battle]] or [[war]]
#: {{synonyms|ja|合戦|tr=gassen|攻戦|tr2=kōsen|戦争|tr3=sensō|戦い|tr4=tatakai}}
# a [[soldier]] or [[warrior]]
# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=いくさ}} a [[soldier]] or [[warrior]]
#* {{RQ:Manyoshu|6|972}}, text [http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man6Yos.html#972 here]
#*: {{ja-usex|m=千%萬 乃 '''軍''' 奈利 友 言擧 不為 取 而 可来 男 常 曽 念|m_kana=ち%よろづ の '''いくさ''' なり とも ことあげ せず とり て きぬべき をのこ と ぞ おもふ|千%万 の '''軍''' なり と も 言%挙げ せず 取りて 来ぬべき 男 と ぞ思ふ|ち%よろづ の '''いくさ''' なり と も こと%あげ せず とりて きぬべき をのこ と ぞ おもふ|rom=chiyorozu no '''ikusa''' nari to mo kotoage sezu torite kinubeki onoko to zo omou|sort=いくさ}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|軍勢|tr=gunzei|兵士|tr2=heishi|兵隊|tr3=heitai}}
# [[archery]]
# [[archery]]
#* '''720''', ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (chapter 30)
#*: {{ja-usex|m=[...]　築習'''射'''所。|m_kana=[...]　＊＊'''＊'''＊。|[...]　'''射''' 習ふ所 を 築かしむ。|[...]　'''いくさ''' ならふと を きづかしむ。|rom=...'''ikusa''' narau-to o kizukashimu.|...an '''archery''' range has been built.}}
#: {{synonyms|ja|弓術|tr=kyūjutsu|射|tr2=sha|射芸|tr3=shagei|射術|tr4=shajutsu}}


====Alternative forms====
=====Derived terms=====
* {{m|ja|軍}}
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|勝ち戦|かち いくさ}}
* {{ja-r|一 戦|ひと いくさ}}
* {{ja-r|負け 戦|まけ いくさ}}
* {{ja-r|私 戦|わたくし いくさ}}
{{der-bottom}}

=====Proverbs=====
* {{ja-r|戦 を 見て 矢 を 矧ぐ|いくさ を みて や を はぐ||pos=literally "watch a battle, fletch an arrow"}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
Line 90: Line 152:


# [[match]], [[competition]] (in sports, etc.)
# [[match]], [[competition]] (in sports, etc.)

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|オープン戦|オープン-せん}}
* {{ja-r|延長%戦|えんちょう%せん}}
* {{ja-r|局所%戦|きょくしょ%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|慶早%戦|^けい-^そう%-せん}}, {{ja-r|早慶%-戦|^そう-^けい%-せん|Waseda-Keiō match}}
* {{ja-r|劇戦|げきせん|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|激戦|げきせん}}
* {{ja-r|後半%戦|こうはん%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|交流%戦|こうりゅう%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|持久%戦|じきゅう%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|終盤%戦|しゅうばん%-せん|[[endgame]]}}
* {{ja-r|選挙%戦|せんきょ%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|前半%戦|ぜんはん%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|争奪%戦|そうだつ%せん}}
* {{ja-r|タイトル戦|タイトル-せん}}
* {{ja-r|打撃%戦|だげき%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|投手%戦|とうしゅ%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|貧打%戦|ひんだ%-せん}}
* {{ja-r|凡戦|ぼんせん}}
* {{ja-r|乱打%戦|らんだ%-せん|[[slugfest]]}}
* {{ja-r|リーグ戦|リーグ-せん}}
{{der-bottom}}


===References===
===References===

Revision as of 20:04, 9 March 2018

See also: 戰 and 战
戦 U+6226, &#25126;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6226
← 戥
[U+6225] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 戧 →
[U+6227]

Translingual

Traditional 戰
Shinjitai 戦
Simplified 战

Glyph origin

Japanese shinjitai, simplified from 戰 (單 → 単).

Han character

戦 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火十戈 (FJI), four-corner 93450, composition ⿰単戈)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 413, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11631
  • Dae Jaweon: page 756, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 2, page 1409, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6226

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 戦 – see 戰 (“to fight a battle; to go to war; war; battle; fight; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 戰).

Japanese

Shinjitai

戦

Kyūjitai

戰

Kanji

戦

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 戰)

  1. war, battle
  2. match

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
戦
いくさ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
戰 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki with the original sense of "soldier".

Considered to derive from a compound, possibly either 的 (ancient ikupa, modern rendering ikuha, “target”) + 矢 (sa, “arrow”), or いくふ (ancient ikupu, modern rendering ikuu, “to shoot (an arrow)”) + 矢 (sa, “arrow”). Notably, the iku in both proposed etyma appear to be cognate.[1]

The "archery" sense came later in the Nihon Shoki, then was extended to mean "an exchange of arrows" → "a battle".

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Alternative forms

Noun

Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 736: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.

  1. (archaic) a battle or war
    Synonyms: 合戦 (gassen), 攻戦 (kōsen), 戦争 (sensō), 戦い (tatakai)
  2. (archaic) a soldier or warrior
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 972:
      , text here
      千(ち)萬(よろづ)乃(の)軍(いくさ)奈利(なり)友(とも)言擧(ことあげ)不為(せず)取(とり)而(て)可来(きぬべき)男(をのこ)常(と)曽(ぞ)念(おもふ) [Man'yōgana]
      千(ち)万(よろづ)の軍(いくさ)なりとも言(こと)挙(あ)げせず取(と)りて来(き)ぬべき男(をのこ)とぞ思(おも)ふ [Modern spelling]
      chiyorozu no ikusa nari to mo kotoage sezu torite kinubeki onoko to zo omou
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Synonyms: 軍勢 (gunzei), 兵士 (heishi), 兵隊 (heitai)
  3. archery
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (chapter 30)
      [...]　築習(＊＊)射(＊)所(＊)。 [Man'yōgana]
      [...]　射(いくさ)習(なら)ふ所(と)を築(きづ)かしむ。 [Modern spelling]
      ...ikusa narau-to o kizukashimu.
      ...an archery range has been built.
    Synonyms: 弓術 (kyūjutsu), 射 (sha), 射芸 (shagei), 射術 (shajutsu)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Proverbs

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 戰 (MC tsyenH).

Suffix

Lua error in Module:Jpan-headword at line 736: Parameter "kyu" is not used by this template.

  1. match, competition (in sports, etc.)
Derived terms
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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