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Formatting, will move OJP mo1ko1 to kana entry since it does not match the original meaning of husband/groom
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===Kanji===
===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=女09}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=女09}}

⚫
# [[groom]]
# [[daughter]]'s [[husband]], [[son-in-law]]


====Readings====
====Readings====
Line 67: Line 64:
|kun=むこ-
|kun=むこ-
}}
}}

⚫
====Compounds====
⚫
* {{ja-r|女%婿|じょ%せい}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|令%婿|れい%せい}}

===Alternative forms===
⚫
{{ja-kanjitab|むこ|yomi=k}}
* {{ja-l|壻}}, {{ja-l|聟}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
⚫
{{ja-kanjitab|むこ|yomi=k|alt=壻,聟}}
&#42;{{IPAfont|/moko/}} → <span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle;><span style="float:left;">*{{IPAfont|⟨muko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mukʷo/}}</span><span style="float:left;clear:both;">*{{IPAfont|⟨mo<sub>(1)</sub>ko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mʷokʷo/}}</span></span><ref>Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. (2008) "[http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/whitman/VowelsofProto-Japanese.Martfest.pdf The Vowels of Proto-Japanese]", ''Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects''. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.</ref> → {{IPAchar|/muko/}}
&#42;{{IPAfont|/moko/}} → <span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align: middle;><span style="float:left;">*{{IPAfont|⟨muko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mukʷo/}}</span><span style="float:left;clear:both;">*{{IPAfont|⟨mo<sub>(1)</sub>ko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mʷokʷo/}}</span></span><ref>Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. (2008) "[http://conf.ling.cornell.edu/whitman/VowelsofProto-Japanese.Martfest.pdf The Vowels of Proto-Japanese]", ''Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects''. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.</ref> → {{IPAchar|/muko/}}


Not confirmed in {{ncog|ojp|-}} documents, although presence of the cognate words suggests {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*moko}} (cognate with {{cog|ryu|むーく|tr=muːku}}, {{cog|xug|むふ|tr=muhu}}, {{cog|mvi|むく|tr=muku}} and the ''moko'' below). This is a result of the phonological change, that non-final *{{IPAchar|/o/}} in the nouns of Proto-Japonic became {{IPAfont|⟨u⟩}} in Central Old Japanese.
Not confirmed in {{ncog|ojp|-}} documents, although presence of the cognate words suggests {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*moko}} (cognate with {{cog|ryu|むーく|tr=mūku}}, {{cog|xug|むふ|tr=muhu}}, {{cog|mvi|むく|tr=muku}} and the ''moko'' below). This is a result of the phonological change, that non-final *{{IPAchar|/o/}} in the nouns of Proto-Japonic became {{IPAfont|⟨u⟩}} in Central Old Japanese.


In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs {{m|ja|向かふ|tr=mukafu}} → {{m|ja|向かう|tr=mukau||to [[go]] [[towards]]}} and {{m|ja|迎ふ|tr=mukafu}} → {{m|ja|迎える|tr=mukaeru||to [[receive]]}}, both derived from {{m|ja|向く|tr=muku||to [[turn]] [[toward]]}}, from {{cog|jpx-pro|*muk-}}. Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms has not been published yet.
In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs {{m|ja|向かう|tr=mukau||to [[go]] [[towards]]}} and {{m|ja|迎える|tr=mukaeru||to [[receive]]}}, both derived from {{m|ja|向く|tr=muku||to [[turn]] [[toward]]}}, from {{cog|jpx-pro|*muk-}}. Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms has not been published yet.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|y=k|むこ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}
{{ja-pron|むこ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 99: Line 89:


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|婿 養子|むこ ようし}}
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|婿 養%子|むこ よう%し}}
* {{ja-r|入り婿|いりむこ}}
* {{ja-r|入り婿|いりむこ}}
* {{ja-r|花%婿|はな%むこ}}
* {{ja-r|花%婿|はな%むこ}}
* {{ja-r|娘%婿|むすめ%むこ}}
* {{ja-r|娘%婿|むすめ%むこ}}
{{der-bottom}}


===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|もこ|yomi=irr}}
{{ja-kanjitab|もこ|yomi=irr|alt=聟}}
&#42;{{IPAfont|/moko/}} → {{IPAfont|⟨mo<sub>(1)</sub>ko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mʷokʷo/}} → {{IPAchar|/moko/}}
&#42;{{IPAfont|/moko/}} → {{IPAfont|⟨mo<sub>(1)</sub>ko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/mʷokʷo/}} → {{IPAchar|/moko/}}


From other {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} [[dialect]]s besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved *{{IPAchar|/o/}} as {{IPAfont|⟨o<sub>1</sub>⟩}}, from {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*mòkô}}.
From other {{inh|ja|ojp|-}} [[dialect]]s besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved *{{IPAchar|/o/}} as {{IPAfont|⟨o<sub>1</sub>⟩}}, from {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*mòkô}}.


Attested as {{m|ojp||毛古}}, {{m|ojp||毛胡|tr={{IPAfont|⟨mo<sub>(1)</sub>ko<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → moko|pos=interpreted as {{m|ja|仲間|t=[[fellow]]}} or {{m|ja|対手|t=[[opponent]]}} in later times}} in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'' (712 {{CE}}) and ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (720 {{CE}}), respectively.
Attested as {{m|ojp||毛古}}, {{m|ojp||毛胡|tr=moko|pos=interpreted as {{m|ja|仲間|tr=nakama||[[fellow]]}} or {{m|ja|対手|tr=taishu||[[opponent]]}} in later times}} in the ''{{w|Kojiki}}'' (712 {{CE}}) and ''{{w|Nihon Shoki}}'' (720 {{CE}}), respectively.


====Noun====
====Noun====
{{ja-noun|もこ}}
{{ja-noun|もこ}}


# {{lb|ja|dialectal|Tōhoku|Northern Kantō|Niigata|Nagano|Chūgoku|etc.}} {{nonstandard form of|ja|婿|tr=muko|nodot=1}} ''above''.
# {{lb|ja|dialectal|Tōhoku|Northern Kantō|Niigata|Nagano|Chūgoku|etc.}} {{nonstandard form of|ja||むこ|tr=muko|nodot=1}} ''above''
#* {{RQ:Shinsen Jikyō}}
#* {{RQ:Shinsen Jikyō}}
#*: {{usex|ja|聟 '''毛古'''、又{{m|ja|敵|加太支}}|Groom: '''''moko''''', also ''kataki'' (“[[enemy]]”)}}
#*: {{usex|ja|聟 '''毛古'''、又{{m|ja|敵|加太支}}|Groom: '''''moko''''', also ''kataki'' (“[[enemy]]”)}}

# {{lb|ja|etymology|archaic|obsolete}} someone who [[confront]]s against someone else; a [[comrade]], [[foe]]
===Etymology 3===
#* {{RQ:Kojiki|poem 50}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|せい|alt=壻}}
#*: {{ja-usex|m=知波夜夫流 宇遲能和多理邇 佐袁斗理邇 波夜祁牟比登斯 和賀'''毛古'''邇許牟|m_kana=ちはやぶる うぢのわたりに さをとりに はやけむひとし わが'''もこ'''にこむ|[[ちはやぶる]]宇治の渡りに棹%取りに速けむ人しわが'''もこ'''に来む|ちはやぶる ^うぢ の わたり に さを%-とり に はやけむ ひと し わが '''もこ''' に こむ}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=せい|-}} {{ltc-l|婿|tr=*sei<sup>H</sup>}}.

⚫
====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|せい}}

⚫
# [[groom]]
# [[son-in-law]]

=====Derived terms=====
⚫
* {{ja-r|女%婿|じょ%せい}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|令%婿|れい%せい}}


===References===
===References===

Revision as of 11:58, 15 February 2021

See also: 聟
婿 U+5A7F, &#23167;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A7F
← 婾
[U+5A7E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 媀 →
[U+5A80]

Translingual

Han character

婿 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女弓人月 (VNOB), four-corner 47427, composition ⿰女胥)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 266, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6470
  • Dae Jaweon: page 533, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1069, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5A7F

Chinese

trad. 婿
simp. # 婿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疋 *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑 *sŋas, *sŋa
壻 *sŋeːs
婿 *sŋeːs
胥 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
稰 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
楈 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
諝 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
湑 *sŋa, *sŋaʔ
揟 *sŋa
醑 *sŋaʔ
糈 *sŋaʔ, *sŋraʔ
楚 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras
礎 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋 *sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊 *sŋ̊ʰras
綀 *sŋra
疎 *sŋra
疏 *sŋra, *sŋras
蔬 *sŋra
梳 *sŋra

Etymology

Reminiscent of Proto-South-Bahnaric *saːj ("to marry; spouse") (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sè - literary;
  • sài - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 婿
Mandarin Beijing /ɕy⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕy⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕy⁵³/
Jinan /ɕy²¹/
Qingdao /sy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sy³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕi⁰/
Xining /ɕy⁵³/
Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕy⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕi³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕi¹³/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /sy⁴⁴/
Hefei /sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕy⁴⁵/
Pingyao /sei¹³/
Hohhot /ɕy⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɕi³⁵/
/ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /si⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /ɕi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /sei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /se⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /ɕy⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /se⁵³/
Taoyuan /se⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐi³³/
Nanning /ɬɐi³³/
Hong Kong /sɐi³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /se²¹/
/sai²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sai²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /si³⁵/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 婿
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁ[i][j]-s/
English son-in-law

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 婿
Reading # 1/1
No. 11766
Phonetic
component 		疋
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		細
Old
Chinese 		/*sŋeːs/
Notes 說文同壻

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 婿

  1. son-in-law
  2. husband

Compounds

Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

婿

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
婿
むこ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
壻
聟

*/moko/ → *⟨muko1⟩ → */mukʷo/*⟨mo(1)ko1⟩ → */mʷokʷo/[1] → /muko/

Not confirmed in Old Japanese documents, although presence of the cognate words suggests Proto-Japonic *moko (cognate with Okinawan むーく (mūku), Kunigami むふ (muhu), Miyako むく (muku) and the moko below). This is a result of the phonological change, that non-final */o/ in the nouns of Proto-Japonic became ⟨u⟩ in Central Old Japanese.

In regard to the derivation, there are some theories proposed, however many of them are associated with the verbs 向かう (mukau, “to go towards”) and 迎える (mukaeru, “to receive”), both derived from 向く (muku, “to turn toward”), from Proto-Japonic *muk-. Theories to explain this inconsistency in the proto-forms has not been published yet.

Pronunciation

Noun

婿(むこ) • (muko) 

  1. a husband who has entered his wife's house
  2. a son-in-law
    Synonyms: 女婿 (josei), 娘婿 (musumemuko)
  3. a groom, bridegroom (man who is about to get married)
    Synonyms: 新郎 (shinrō), 花婿 (hanamuko)
Antonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
婿
もこ
Grade: S
irregular
Alternative spelling
聟

*/moko/ → ⟨mo(1)ko1⟩ → */mʷokʷo/ → /moko/

From other Old Japanese dialects besides Central Old Japanese, with a conserved */o/ as ⟨o1⟩, from Proto-Japonic *mòkô.

Attested as 毛古, 毛胡 (moko, interpreted as 仲間 (nakama, “fellow”) or 対手 (taishu, “opponent”) in later times) in the Kojiki (712 CE) and Nihon Shoki (720 CE), respectively.

Noun

婿(もこ) • (moko) 

  1. (dialectal, Tōhoku, Northern Kantō, Niigata, Nagano, Chūgoku, etc.) Nonstandard form of むこ (muko) above

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
婿
せい
Grade: S
kan’on
Alternative spelling
壻

From Middle Chinese 婿 (MC *seiH).

Affix

婿(せい) • (sei) 

  1. groom
  2. son-in-law
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Frellesvig, B. & Whitman, J. (2008) "The Vowels of Proto-Japanese", Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

婿 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

婿: Hán Nôm readings: tế

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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