در

See also: ڈر, ذر, دز, and دژ

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root د ر ر (d-r-r).

Verb

1. to flow copiously
2. to stream, to flow, to well
3. to accrue
4. to be abundant, to be plentiful

Etymology 2

Noun

دَرّ • (darr) m

1. verbal noun of دَرَّ (darra) (form I)
2. copious flow of milk
3. milk, lactation
4. achievement, accomplishment
5. nature, natural disposition
6. soul, mind, intellect

Declension

Declension of noun دَرّ (darr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَرّ darr	الدَّرّ ad-darr	دَرّ darr
Nominative	دَرٌّ darrun	الدَّرُّ ad-darru	دَرُّ darru
Accusative	دَرًّا darran	الدَّرَّ ad-darra	دَرَّ darra
Genitive	دَرٍّ darrin	الدَّرِّ ad-darri	دَرِّ darri

Derived terms

• لِلَّٰهِ دَرُّكَ (lillāhi darruka)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “در”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 3

Noun

دُرّ • (durr) m (collective, singulative دُرَّة f (durra), paucal دُرَّات (durrāt) or دُرَر (durar))

1. pearls

   Synonym: لُؤْلُؤ (luʔluʔ)

Declension

Declension of noun دُرّ (durr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُرّ durr	الدُّرّ ad-durr	دُرّ durr
Nominative	دُرٌّ durrun	الدُّرُّ ad-durru	دُرُّ durru
Accusative	دُرًّا durran	الدُّرَّ ad-durra	دُرَّ durra
Genitive	دُرٍّ durrin	الدُّرِّ ad-durri	دُرِّ durri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُرَّة durra	الدُّرَّة ad-durra	دُرَّة durrat
Nominative	دُرَّةٌ durratun	الدُّرَّةُ ad-durratu	دُرَّةُ durratu
Accusative	دُرَّةً durratan	الدُّرَّةَ ad-durrata	دُرَّةَ durrata
Genitive	دُرَّةٍ durratin	الدُّرَّةِ ad-durrati	دُرَّةِ durrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُرَّتَيْن durratayn	الدُّرَّتَيْن ad-durratayn	دُرَّتَيْ durratay
Nominative	دُرَّتَانِ durratāni	الدُّرَّتَانِ ad-durratāni	دُرَّتَا durratā
Accusative	دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni	الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni	دُرَّتَيْ durratay
Genitive	دُرَّتَيْنِ durratayni	الدُّرَّتَيْنِ ad-durratayni	دُرَّتَيْ durratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal‎; basic broken paucal triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُرَّات‎; دُرَر durrāt‎; durar	الدُّرَّات‎; الدُّرَر ad-durrāt‎; ad-durar	دُرَّات‎; دُرَر durrāt‎; durar
Nominative	دُرَّاتٌ‎; دُرَرٌ durrātun‎; durarun	الدُّرَّاتُ‎; الدُّرَرُ ad-durrātu‎; ad-duraru	دُرَّاتُ‎; دُرَرُ durrātu‎; duraru
Accusative	دُرَّاتٍ‎; دُرَرًا durrātin‎; duraran	الدُّرَّاتِ‎; الدُّرَرَ ad-durrāti‎; ad-durara	دُرَّاتِ‎; دُرَرَ durrāti‎; durara
Genitive	دُرَّاتٍ‎; دُرَرٍ durrātin‎; durarin	الدُّرَّاتِ‎; الدُّرَرِ ad-durrāti‎; ad-durari	دُرَّاتِ‎; دُرَرِ durrāti‎; durari

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: dürr
• → Uzbek: dur

Etymology 4

Verb

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of دَارَ (dāra)

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Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Old Armenian դար (dar, “high place, precipice”).

Noun

در (der) ?

1. side of a mountain

References

• Jaba, Auguste, Justi, Ferdinand (1879) Dictionnaire Kurde-Français [Kurdish–French Dictionary], Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “դար”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

در • (der)

1. Alternative form of تر (ter, “sweat”)

Etymology 2

From Persian در (dorr), from Arabic دُرّ‎ (durr).

Noun

در • (dür)

1. pearl
2. (figurative) a beautiful girl

Etymology 3

From Persian در (dar).

Preposition

در • (der)

1. in, into
2. within, among

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “در”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 892

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Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dar/

Pronoun

در • (dar)

1. toward you (pronominal prefix of the second person)

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Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (byn /⁠andar⁠/, “in, among, towards, concerning”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), from Proto-Iranian, Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hantara-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”).

Alternative forms

• (archaic) اندر (andar)

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading?	d
Dari reading?	d
Iranian reading?	d
Tajik reading?	d

• IPA^(key): [da]

• audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Preposition

Dari	در
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дар

1. at

   در خانه

   at home

2. in

   در کیف

   in a bag

3. within, among
4. to

Synonyms

• (informal) تو (tu)
• (in): داخل (dâxel-e), درون (darun-e)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian 𐭡𐭡𐭠 (dar, “gate, court, palace”), from Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”), from Proto-Iranian *dwar- (compare Northern Kurdish derî, Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar^əm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwar- (compare Sanskrit द्वार (dvā́ra), Hindustani बार (bār) / بار (bār)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”) (compare English door, German Tür, Armenian դուռ (duṙ), Irish doras and Russian дверь (dverʹ)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dæɾ/

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

Dari	در
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дар

در • (dar) (plural درها (dar-hâ))

1. door
2. (now rare) court
3. lid

Derived terms

• دری (Dari)
• دربار (darbâr)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deɾ/

Verb

در • (der)

1. (dialectal, Mashhad) present stem form of دیشتن

   حالا کم کم می‌بینُم کار دِرَه بالا می‌گیرِه.

   Hâlâ kam kam mibinom kâr dera bâlâ migire.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 4

From Arabic دُرّ (durr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dor/

Verb

در • (dorr)

1. pearl

Etymology 5

Verb

در • (dar)

1. present stem form of دریدن

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “در”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian در (dar).

Noun

1. door

Related terms

• دروازہ (darwāza, “door”)
• دربار (darbâr, “royal court, durbar”)