拳

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See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual

Han character

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 拳
alternative forms 搼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潫 *qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢 *ɡroːns
勬 *kron, *krons
韏 *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷 *krons
桊 *krons
絭 *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠 *krons, *ɡron
飬 *krons
弮 *kʰron, *krons
拳 *ɡron
卷 *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤 *ɡron
券 *kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 拳

  1. fist
  2. Chinese boxing
  3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
  4. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”).
  5. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 拳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拳頭, 拳
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 拳頭
Taiwan 拳頭
Ulanhot 拳頭
Tongliao 拳頭
Chifeng 拳頭
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 拳頭
Harbin 拳頭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 拳頭, 拳
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 拳頭
Wanrong 槌頭子
Wanrong (Ronghe) 槌骨嘟
Zhengzhou 槌
Xi'an 槌頭子
Xining 槌頭, 槌骨嘟
Xuzhou 皮槌, 槌頭子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 槌頭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 槌頭
Bayanhot 拳頭, 槌頭
Lanzhou 槌頭
Ürümqi 槌頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
Wuhan 拳頭, 槌子
Guiyang 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
Kunming 拳頭
Guilin 拳頭
Liuzhou 拳頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 拳頭
Yangzhou 拳頭
Nantong 拳頭
Hefei 拳頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 拳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 拳頭公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 拳頭
Taishan 拳頭
Dongguan 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yangjiang 拳頭, 槌頭
Xinyi 拳槌
Nanning 拳頭, 拳槌
Wuzhou 拳頭, 拳槌
Yulin 拳槌
Hepu (Lianzhou) 拳頭, 槌頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 拳頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 拳頭
Gan Nanchang 拳頭, 槌頭
Lichuan 拳頭
Pingxiang 槌頭牯
Hakka Meixian 拳頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 拳頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 拳牯
Wengyuan 拳頭
Liannan 拳
Jiexi 拳頭牯
Luhe 拳頭牯
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 拳頭嫲牯
Changting 拳頭
Wuping 拳頭
Wuping (Yanqian) 拳頭
Ninghua 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yudu 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Ningdu 拳頭腦
Shicheng 拳頭牯
Tonggu (Sandu) 拳頭
Ganzhou (Panlong) 拳頭
Dayu 拳頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Yangxi (Tangkou) 拳頭
Yangchun (Sanjia) 拳頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 拳頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 拳頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 拳頭
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 拳頭
Huazhou (Xin'an) 拳捶
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 拳, 拳頭
Lianjiang (Qingping) 拳頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 拳
Luchuan 拳
Luchuan (Daqiao) 槌
Senai (Huiyang) 拳頭
Huizhou Jixi 拳頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
Pingyao 圪都, 槌頭子
Xinzhou 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
Taibus (Baochang) 拳頭
Linhe 槌頭
Jining 拳頭
Hohhot 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
Baotou 拳頭
Dongsheng 拳頭
Haibowan 槌頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 拳頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Fuqing 拳頭, 拳頭母
Southern Min Xiamen 拳頭母, 拳頭
Quanzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jinjiang 拳頭母
Yongchun 拳頭母
Zhangzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Zhao'an 拳頭, 拳頭母
Dongshan 拳頭母
Taipei 拳頭母
New Taipei (Sanxia) 拳頭母
Kaohsiung 拳頭母, 拳頭
Yilan 拳頭, 拳頭母
Changhua (Lukang) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Taichung 拳頭母
Taichung (Wuqi) 拳頭母
Tainan 拳頭母
Taitung 拳頭母
Hsinchu 拳頭, 拳頭母
Kinmen 拳頭
Penghu (Magong) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Penang (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Manila (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Zhangping (Yongfu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Pingnan (Shangdu) 拳頭母
Chaozhou 拳頭母
Shantou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jieyang 拳頭母
Haifeng 拳頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 拳頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 拳頭
Wenchang 拳母, 拳頭母
Haikou 拳母, 拳
Puxian Min Putian 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 拳頭牯
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 拳頭牯
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Xianyou 拳頭牯
Xianyou (Fengting) 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Xianyou (Youyang) 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 拳頭, 拳槌
Shehua Fu'an 拳頭
Fuding 拳頭
Luoyuan 拳頭
Sanming 拳頭
Shunchang 拳頭
Hua'an 拳頭
Cangnan 拳頭
Jingning (Hexi) 拳頭牯
Lishui 鋤頭牯
Longyou 鋤頭牯
Chaozhou 拳頭
Fengshun 拳頭牯
Wu Shanghai 拳頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 拳頭
Suzhou 拳頭
Wuxi 拳頭
Danyang 拳頭
Hangzhou 拳頭
Ningbo 拳頭
Wenzhou 拳, 拳頭
Jinhua 拳, 拳頭
Xiang Changsha 拳頭牯
Loudi 槌頭牯, 槌頭
Shuangfeng 槌頭牯
Hengyang 拳頭牯
Quanzhou 拳頭

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (拳):
  • → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
  • → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
  • → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)
  • → Bouyei: jianz
  • → Zhuang: gienz

    • Compounds

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    Japanese

    Shinjitai 拳
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    拳󠄁
    拳+󠄁?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    拳󠄃
    拳+󠄃?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    拳

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
    2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

    Readings

    • Go-on: げん (gen)
    • Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
    • Kun: こぶし (kobushi, 拳, Jōyō)

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    拳
    こぶし
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 拳 – see the following entry.
    【こぶし】
    [noun] [from 810] fist
    [noun] [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
    [noun] [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    [noun] [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
    [noun] [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    [noun] [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
    【こぶしコブシ】
    [noun] [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus
    Alternative spelling
    辛夷
    (This term, 拳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    拳
    けん
    Grade: S
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

    The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[2]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    拳(けん) • (ken) 

    1. [from 1500s] a fist
      Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
    2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
    3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

    Suffix

    拳(けん) • (-ken) 

    1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
      Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
      蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
      tōrōken
      mantis style
      太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
      taikyokuken
      tai chi
      波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
      Hadōken
      Surge Fist
      • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
        やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。
        Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
        He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
        海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？
        Umisenken?
        Umisenken?
      • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
        今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼
        Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
        It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
        む
        Mu
        Mm?
        通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼
        Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
        Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
        通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼
        Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
        Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
      • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
        ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼
        Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
        Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
      • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
        直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼
        Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
        Direct! Bravo Punch‼

    References

    1. ^ “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
    2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

    Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

    1. hanja form? of 권 (“fist”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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