cocer

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Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese cozer (“to cook”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *cocēre, from Latin coquere, present active infinitive of coquō. Cognate with Portuguese cozer and Spanish cocer.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [koˈθeɾ], (western) [koˈseɾ]

Verb[edit]

cocer (first-person singular present cozo, first-person singular preterite cocín, past participle cocido)

  1. to boil, stew
    • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 131:
      pisa moy ben todo con exulla uedra de porco et faz ende hũa masa et coze todo con uyno, meyxeo ameude ataa que se coza ben
      pound it carefully with old pork lard and make a dough with it and boil everything in wine, stir it frequently till it is well cooked
    Synonym: ferver
  2. to cook
    • c1300, R. Martínez López (ed.), General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 89:
      Et estes omẽs yam comendo as carnes ja et os peyxes et pescados que achauam et matauã elles os que podiam prender; pero nõ os coziã que nõ [sabiam] ajnda amaneyra delo, mays enxugauam aquelas carnes et peyxes ao sol
      And these persons were eating the meats and seafood and fish that they can find and kill and catch; but they did not cook them, because they still did not know the way, but they dried these meats and seafood in the sun
    Synonym: cociñar
  3. to bake
    Maruxiña da Forneira / se é que coces faime un bolo / se mo fas faimo de trigo / que o centeo non cho como (traditional song)
    Little Mary of the Baker / if you bake make a loaf for me / and if you make it, make it wheat / because I don't eat rye
    • c1300, R. Martínez López (ed.), General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 206:
      fezo cozer pera elles pã çençeno
      She ordered to bake rye bread for them
    Synonym: enfornar
  4. to fire
    • 1484, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. Vigo: Galaxia, page 445:
      cinco mil ladrillos ben cozidos e de boo barro
      five thousand bricks, correctly fired and made of good clay
    Synonym: enfornar
  5. (flax processing) to ret
  6. (wine processing) to ferment
    Synonym: fermentar
  7. to digest
    Synonym: dixerir
  8. first-person singular personal infinitive of cocer
  9. third-person singular personal infinitive of cocer

Conjugation[edit]

  • Note: coc- are changed to coz- before back vowels (a, o).
Conjugation of cocer
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vos eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal cocer
personal cocer coceres cocer cocermos cocerdes coceren
Gerund
cocendo
Past participle singular plural
masculine cocido cocidos
feminine cocida cocidas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vos eles/elas/Vdes.
present cozo coces coce cocemos cocedes cocen
imperfect cocía cocías cocía cociamos cociades cocían
preterite cocín cociches coceu cocemos cocestes coceron
pluperfect cocera coceras cocera coceramos cocerades coceran
future cocerei cocerás cocerá coceremos coceredes cocerán
conditional cocería cocerías cocería coceriamos coceriades cocerían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vos eles/elas/Vdes.
present coza cozas coza cozamos cozades cozan
preterite cocese coceses cocese cocésemos cocésedes cocesen
future cocer coceres cocer cocermos cocerdes coceren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vos eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – coce coza cozamos cocede cozan
negative – cozas coza cozamos cozades cozan

Related terms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “cozer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “coz” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “cocer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • “cocer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “cocer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Old English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *kokar, whence also Old Frisian koker, Old Saxon kokar (Dutch koker), Old High German kohhār (German Köcher). The origin of the West Germanic word is unknown, but note that a similar word can be found in Turkic and Mongolic languages: see Proto-Mongolic *kökexür for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

cocer m

  1. a quiver for arrows
  2. a case, container
  3. a sheath

Descendants[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin *cocēre, from Latin coquere, present active infinitive of coquō, from Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti, from *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”).

Some conjugated forms of the verb were reformed through analogy with the infinitive; in Old Spanish, the forms cueza and cuezo were cuega and cuego, respectively, coció was coxo, and the past participle was cocho instead of cocido[1]. Cognate with English cook.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /koˈθeɾ/, [koˈθeɾ]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /koˈseɾ/, [koˈseɾ]
  • Homophone: coser (non-Castilian dialects)

Verb[edit]

cocer (first-person singular present cuezo, first-person singular preterite cocí, past participle cocido)

  1. to boil
  2. to cook (only used in situations where the food being prepared is submitted to fire; such as through the processes of boiling, simmering or steaming anything; or baking bread slowly in an oven)
    cocer a fuego lento ― simmer
  3. (reflexive, figuratively) to brew
    Algo se está cociendo
    Something is brewing
  4. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to chafe (get sore)
    Synonyms: escocerse, escaldarse

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of cocer (irregular; o-ue alternation; c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive cocer
gerund cociendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular cocido cocida
plural cocidos cocidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cuezo cuecestú
cocésvos 		cuece cocemos cocéis cuecen
imperfect cocía cocías cocía cocíamos cocíais cocían
preterite cocí cociste coció cocimos cocisteis cocieron
future coceré cocerás cocerá coceremos coceréis cocerán
conditional cocería cocerías cocería coceríamos coceríais cocerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cueza cuezastú
cozásvos2 		cueza cozamos cozáis cuezan
imperfect
(ra) 		cociera cocieras cociera cociéramos cocierais cocieran
imperfect
(se) 		cociese cocieses cociese cociésemos cocieseis cociesen
future1 cociere cocieres cociere cociéremos cociereis cocieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative cuecetú
cocévos 		cueza cozamos coced cuezan
negative no cuezas no cueza no cozamos no cozáis no cuezan

1Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of cocer (irregular; o-ue alternation; c-z alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive cocer
dative cocerme cocerte cocerle, cocerse cocernos coceros cocerles, cocerse
accusative cocerme cocerte cocerlo, cocerla, cocerse cocernos coceros cocerlos, cocerlas, cocerse
with gerund cociendo
dative cociéndome cociéndote cociéndole, cociéndose cociéndonos cociéndoos cociéndoles, cociéndose
accusative cociéndome cociéndote cociéndolo, cociéndola, cociéndose cociéndonos cociéndoos cociéndolos, cociéndolas, cociéndose
with informal second-person singular imperative cuece
dative cuéceme cuécete cuécele cuécenos not used cuéceles
accusative cuéceme cuécete cuécelo, cuécela cuécenos not used cuécelos, cuécelas
with formal second-person singular imperative cueza
dative cuézame not used cuézale, cuézase cuézanos not used cuézales
accusative cuézame not used cuézalo, cuézala, cuézase cuézanos not used cuézalos, cuézalas
with first-person plural imperative cozamos
dative not used cozámoste cozámosle cozámonos cozámoos cozámosles
accusative not used cozámoste cozámoslo, cozámosla cozámonos cozámoos cozámoslos, cozámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative coced
dative cocedme not used cocedle cocednos coceos cocedles
accusative cocedme not used cocedlo, cocedla cocednos coceos cocedlos, cocedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative cuezan
dative cuézanme not used cuézanle cuézannos not used cuézanles, cuézanse
accusative cuézanme not used cuézanlo, cuézanla cuézannos not used cuézanlos, cuézanlas, cuézanse

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN

Further reading[edit]

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