增

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See also: 増
增 U+589E, 增
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-589E
← 墝
[U+589D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 墟 →
[U+589F]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 増
Simplified 增
Traditional 增

Han character[edit]

增 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土金田日 (GCWA), four-corner 48166, composition ⿰土曾)

Related characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5454
  • Dae Jaweon: page 477, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 489, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+589E

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 增
alternative forms 増
曾
⿰土⿳丷囚曰
𢴣
⿰土⿳⺈田曰

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 增
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (曾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潧 *ʔsrɯn
繒 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
增 *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs
憎 *ʔsɯːŋ
磳 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
曾 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ
矰 *ʔsɯːŋ
罾 *ʔsɯːŋ
熷 *ʔsɯːŋ
竲 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
橧 *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯŋ
譄 *ʔsɯːŋ
蹭 *sʰɯːŋs
層 *zɯːŋ
贈 *zɯːŋs
僧 *sɯːŋ
鬙 *sɯːŋ
甑 *ʔsɯŋs
鄫 *zɯŋ
驓 *zɯŋ
嶒 *zɯŋ
噌 *sʰɯːŋ
鏳 *zrɯːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *ʔsɯːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – things grow in the earth, to build from earth.

Etymology[edit]

The Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruction of this word is *s-tˤəŋ, suggesting the word is derived from 登 (OC *tˤəŋ, “to go up”) by *s- prefixing.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 增
Mandarin Beijing /t͡səŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡səŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡səŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡səŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡səŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡səŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡sə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡sə⁴⁴̃/
Nanjing /t͡sən³¹/
Hefei /t͡sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sən³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡saiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡seŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡seŋ³³/
/t͡sɔŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 增 增
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 登 (129) 登 (129)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 作滕切 子鄧切
Baxter tsong tsongH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡səŋ/ /t͡səŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zēng zèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zang1 zang3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 增
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsong ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tˁəŋ/
English increase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 增 增
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16613 16623
Phonetic
component 		曾 曾
Rime
group 		蒸 蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		增
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsɯːŋ/ /*ʔsɯːŋs/

Definitions[edit]

增

  1. to increase; to expand; to gain; to add
  2. a surname: Zeng
  3. 13th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "expansion; growth" (𝌒)

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to increase):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

増

Kyūjitai

增

Kanji[edit]

增

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 増)

  1. increase
  2. add to
  3. augment

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

增 (eumhun 더할 증 (deohal jeung))

  1. Hanja form? of 증 (“increase”).
  2. Hanja form? of 증 (“add to”).
  3. Hanja form? of 증 (“augment”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

增: Hán Nôm readings: tăng, tâng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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