hitilafu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِخْتِلَاف (iḵtilāf).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

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Noun

hitilafu (n class, plural hitilafu)

1. difference, discord
2. discrepancy, defect, blemish

Verb

-hitilafu (infinitive kuhitilafu)

1. to differentiate, differ, distinguish

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hitilafu
Positive present -nahitilafu Subjunctive -hitilafu Negative -hitilafu Imperative singular hitilafu
Infinitives
Positive kuhitilafu Negative kutohitilafu
Imperatives
Singular hitilafu Plural hitilafuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhitilafu Positive past positive subject concord + -lihitilafu Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhitilafu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahitilafu) Singular Plural 1st person ninahitilafu/nahitilafu tunahitilafu 2nd person unahitilafu mnahitilafu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahitilafu wanahitilafu other classes positive subject concord + -nahitilafu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hitilafu) Singular Plural 1st person sihitilafu hatuhitilafu 2nd person huhitilafu hamhitilafu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahitilafu hawahitilafu other classes negative subject concord + -hitilafu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahitilafu Negative future negative subject concord + -tahitilafu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hitilafu) Singular Plural 1st person nihitilafu tuhitilafu 2nd person uhitilafu mhitilafu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahitilafu wahitilafu other classes positive subject concord + -hitilafu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihitilafu Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehitilafu Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehitilafu Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihitilafu Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihitilafu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahitilafu) Singular Plural 1st person nahitilafu twahitilafu 2nd person wahitilafu mwahitilafu 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahitilafu wahitilafu m-mi(III/IV) wahitilafu yahitilafu ji-ma(V/VI) lahitilafu yahitilafu ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahitilafu vyahitilafu n(IX/X) yahitilafu zahitilafu u(XI) wahitilafu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahitilafu pa(XVI) pahitilafu mu(XVIII) mwahitilafu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehitilafu "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahitilafu "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahitilafu "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihitilafu "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohitilafu Consecutive kahitilafu / positive subject concord + -kahitilafu Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahitilafu
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihitilafu -tuhitilafu 2nd person -kuhitilafu -wahitilafu/-kuhitilafuni/-wahitilafuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhitilafu -wahitilafu m-mi(III/IV) -uhitilafu -ihitilafu ji-ma(V/VI) -lihitilafu -yahitilafu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihitilafu -vihitilafu n(IX/X) -ihitilafu -zihitilafu u(XI) -uhitilafu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhitilafu pa(XVI) -pahitilafu mu(XVIII) -muhitilafu Reflexive -jihitilafu
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hitilafu- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -hitilafuye -hitilafuo m-mi(III/IV) -hitilafuo -hitilafuyo ji-ma(V/VI) -hitilafulo -hitilafuyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hitilafucho -hitilafuvyo n(IX/X) -hitilafuyo -hitilafuzo u(XI) -hitilafuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -hitilafuko pa(XVI) -hitilafupo mu(XVIII) -hitilafumo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hitilafu) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehitilafu -ohitilafu m-mi(III/IV) -ohitilafu -yohitilafu ji-ma(V/VI) -lohitilafu -yohitilafu ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohitilafu -vyohitilafu n(IX/X) -yohitilafu -zohitilafu u(XI) -ohitilafu see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohitilafu pa(XVI) -pohitilafu mu(XVIII) -mohitilafu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

• Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94 No. 829