kwaruza

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kwaruza (infinitive kukwaruza)

1. to scratch
2. to grate

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kwaruza
Positive present -nakwaruza Subjunctive -kwaruze Negative -kwaruzi Imperative singular kwaruza
Infinitives
Positive kukwaruza Negative kutokwaruza
Imperatives
Singular kwaruza Plural kwaruzeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukwaruza Positive past positive subject concord + -likwaruza Negative past negative subject concord + -kukwaruza
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwaruza) Singular Plural 1st person ninakwaruza/nakwaruza tunakwaruza 2nd person unakwaruza mnakwaruza 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakwaruza wanakwaruza other classes positive subject concord + -nakwaruza
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwaruzi) Singular Plural 1st person sikwaruzi hatukwaruzi 2nd person hukwaruzi hamkwaruzi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakwaruzi hawakwaruzi other classes negative subject concord + -kwaruzi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takwaruza Negative future negative subject concord + -takwaruza
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwaruze) Singular Plural 1st person nikwaruze tukwaruze 2nd person ukwaruze mkwaruze 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwaruze wakwaruze other classes positive subject concord + -kwaruze
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikwaruze Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekwaruza Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekwaruza Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikwaruza Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikwaruza
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwaruza) Singular Plural 1st person nakwaruza twakwaruza 2nd person wakwaruza mwakwaruza 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwaruza wakwaruza m-mi(III/IV) wakwaruza yakwaruza ji-ma(V/VI) lakwaruza yakwaruza ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakwaruza vyakwaruza n(IX/X) yakwaruza zakwaruza u(XI) wakwaruza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakwaruza pa(XVI) pakwaruza mu(XVIII) mwakwaruza
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekwaruza "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakwaruza "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakwaruza "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikwaruza "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokwaruza Consecutive kakwaruza / positive subject concord + -kakwaruza Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakwaruze
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikwaruza -tukwaruza 2nd person -kukwaruza -wakwaruza/-kukwaruzeni/-wakwaruzeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkwaruza -wakwaruza m-mi(III/IV) -ukwaruza -ikwaruza ji-ma(V/VI) -likwaruza -yakwaruza ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikwaruza -vikwaruza n(IX/X) -ikwaruza -zikwaruza u(XI) -ukwaruza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukwaruza pa(XVI) -pakwaruza mu(XVIII) -mukwaruza Reflexive -jikwaruza
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kwaruza- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kwaruzaye -kwaruzao m-mi(III/IV) -kwaruzao -kwaruzayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kwaruzalo -kwaruzayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kwaruzacho -kwaruzavyo n(IX/X) -kwaruzayo -kwaruzazo u(XI) -kwaruzao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kwaruzako pa(XVI) -kwaruzapo mu(XVIII) -kwaruzamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kwaruza) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekwaruza -okwaruza m-mi(III/IV) -okwaruza -yokwaruza ji-ma(V/VI) -lokwaruza -yokwaruza ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokwaruza -vyokwaruza n(IX/X) -yokwaruza -zokwaruza u(XI) -okwaruza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokwaruza pa(XVI) -pokwaruza mu(XVIII) -mokwaruza
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Reciprocal: -kwaruzana