pendelea

Swahili

Etymology

From -penda (“to love”) +‎ -elea.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-pendelea (infinitive kupendelea)

1. to prefer, favor (to be in favor of)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pendelea
Positive present -napendelea Subjunctive -pendelee Negative -pendelei Imperative singular pendelea
Infinitives
Positive kupendelea Negative kutopendelea
Imperatives
Singular pendelea Plural pendeleeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupendelea Positive past positive subject concord + -lipendelea Negative past negative subject concord + -kupendelea
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napendelea) Singular Plural 1st person ninapendelea/napendelea tunapendelea 2nd person unapendelea mnapendelea 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapendelea wanapendelea other classes positive subject concord + -napendelea
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pendelei) Singular Plural 1st person sipendelei hatupendelei 2nd person hupendelei hampendelei 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapendelei hawapendelei other classes negative subject concord + -pendelei
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapendelea Negative future negative subject concord + -tapendelea
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pendelee) Singular Plural 1st person nipendelee tupendelee 2nd person upendelee mpendelee 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apendelee wapendelee other classes positive subject concord + -pendelee
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipendelee Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngependelea Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singependelea Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipendelea Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipendelea
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apendelea) Singular Plural 1st person napendelea twapendelea 2nd person wapendelea mwapendelea 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apendelea wapendelea m-mi(III/IV) wapendelea yapendelea ji-ma(V/VI) lapendelea yapendelea ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapendelea vyapendelea n(IX/X) yapendelea zapendelea u(XI) wapendelea see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapendelea pa(XVI) papendelea mu(XVIII) mwapendelea
Perfect positive subject concord + -mependelea "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapendelea "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japendelea "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipendelea "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopendelea Consecutive kapendelea / positive subject concord + -kapendelea Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapendelee
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipendelea -tupendelea 2nd person -kupendelea -wapendelea/-kupendeleeni/-wapendeleeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpendelea -wapendelea m-mi(III/IV) -upendelea -ipendelea ji-ma(V/VI) -lipendelea -yapendelea ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipendelea -vipendelea n(IX/X) -ipendelea -zipendelea u(XI) -upendelea see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupendelea pa(XVI) -papendelea mu(XVIII) -mupendelea Reflexive -jipendelea
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pendelea- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -pendeleaye -pendeleao m-mi(III/IV) -pendeleao -pendeleayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pendelealo -pendeleayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pendeleacho -pendeleavyo n(IX/X) -pendeleayo -pendeleazo u(XI) -pendeleao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -pendeleako pa(XVI) -pendeleapo mu(XVIII) -pendeleamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pendelea) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yependelea -opendelea m-mi(III/IV) -opendelea -yopendelea ji-ma(V/VI) -lopendelea -yopendelea ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopendelea -vyopendelea n(IX/X) -yopendelea -zopendelea u(XI) -opendelea see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopendelea pa(XVI) -popendelea mu(XVIII) -mopendelea
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -pendeleza (“cause to prefer, recommend”)
  • Passive: -pendelewa (“be preferred”)
  • Reciprocal: -pendeleana

• Nominal derivations:
  • upendeleo (“bias, prejudice, favouritism, partiality”)