pindua

Swahili

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?]. Conversive form of -pinda.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-pindua (infinitive kupindua)

1. to turn upside-down, invert
2. to overthrow

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pindua
Positive present -napindua Subjunctive -pindue Negative -pindui Imperative singular pindua
Infinitives
Positive kupindua Negative kutopindua
Imperatives
Singular pindua Plural pindueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupindua Positive past positive subject concord + -lipindua Negative past negative subject concord + -kupindua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napindua) Singular Plural 1st person ninapindua/napindua tunapindua 2nd person unapindua mnapindua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapindua wanapindua other classes positive subject concord + -napindua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pindui) Singular Plural 1st person sipindui hatupindui 2nd person hupindui hampindui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapindui hawapindui other classes negative subject concord + -pindui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapindua Negative future negative subject concord + -tapindua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pindue) Singular Plural 1st person nipindue tupindue 2nd person upindue mpindue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apindue wapindue other classes positive subject concord + -pindue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipindue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepindua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepindua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipindua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipindua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apindua) Singular Plural 1st person napindua twapindua 2nd person wapindua mwapindua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apindua wapindua m-mi(III/IV) wapindua yapindua ji-ma(V/VI) lapindua yapindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapindua vyapindua n(IX/X) yapindua zapindua u(XI) wapindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapindua pa(XVI) papindua mu(XVIII) mwapindua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepindua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapindua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japindua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipindua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopindua Consecutive kapindua / positive subject concord + -kapindua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapindue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipindua -tupindua 2nd person -kupindua -wapindua/-kupindueni/-wapindueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpindua -wapindua m-mi(III/IV) -upindua -ipindua ji-ma(V/VI) -lipindua -yapindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipindua -vipindua n(IX/X) -ipindua -zipindua u(XI) -upindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupindua pa(XVI) -papindua mu(XVIII) -mupindua Reflexive -jipindua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pindua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -pinduaye -pinduao m-mi(III/IV) -pinduao -pinduayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pindualo -pinduayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pinduacho -pinduavyo n(IX/X) -pinduayo -pinduazo u(XI) -pinduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -pinduako pa(XVI) -pinduapo mu(XVIII) -pinduamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pindua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepindua -opindua m-mi(III/IV) -opindua -yopindua ji-ma(V/VI) -lopindua -yopindua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopindua -vyopindua n(IX/X) -yopindua -zopindua u(XI) -opindua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopindua pa(XVI) -popindua mu(XVIII) -mopindua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -pinduza
  • Stative: -pinduka