vér
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *were (“blood”). Cognates include Mansi, Finnish veri and Estonian veri.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
vér (plural vérek)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | vér | vérek |
accusative | vért | véreket |
dative | vérnek | véreknek |
instrumental | vérrel | vérekkel |
causal-final | vérért | vérekért |
translative | vérré | vérekké |
terminative | vérig | vérekig |
essive-formal | vérként | vérekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | vérben | vérekben |
superessive | véren | véreken |
adessive | vérnél | véreknél |
illative | vérbe | vérekbe |
sublative | vérre | vérekre |
allative | vérhez | vérekhez |
elative | vérből | vérekből |
delative | vérről | vérekről |
ablative | vértől | vérektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
véré | véreké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
véréi | vérekéi |
Possessive forms of vér | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | vérem | véreim |
2nd person sing. | véred | véreid |
3rd person sing. | vére | vérei |
1st person plural | vérünk | véreink |
2nd person plural | véretek | véreitek |
3rd person plural | vérük | véreik |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Entry #1152 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ vér in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse vér, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Pronoun
vér
- (archaic) First person plural pronoun; we (singular ég, eg).
- (archaic, formal) A formal term of self-reference used by a royal person; we.
- Vér teljum þetta mál hið alvarlegasta. Kallið saman ríkisráðið undir eins.
- We deem this matter most grave. Assemble the privy council immediately.
- Vér teljum þetta mál hið alvarlegasta. Kallið saman ríkisráðið undir eins.
Usage notes
This pronoun has mostly fallen out of use in favour of við, but lingers in biblical language in the raw plural sense, and finds occasional use elsewhere. As a majestic self-reference, it was used in royal decrees, and may find modern use e.g. in literature dealing with persons who refer to themselves in such a way.
Declension
Icelandic honorific pronouns | ||||||
plural | first person | second person | ||||
nominative | vér | þér | ||||
accusative | oss | yður | ||||
dative | oss | yður | ||||
genitive | vor | yðar |
Old Norse
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂. Cognate with Old English wē ( > English we), Old Frisian wī ( > West Frisian wy), Old Saxon wī ( > Low German wi), Old Dutch wī ( > Dutch wij), Old High German wir ( > German wir), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis).
Pronoun
vér
Declension
number | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | ek | þú | hann | hon, hón, hǫ́n | þat | |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | hann | hana, hána | þat |
dative | mér | þér | sér | hánum, hónum, hǫ́num | henni | því |
genitive | mín | þín | sín | hans | hennar | þess |
case | dual | |||||
nominative | vit | it, þit | ||||
accusative | okkr | ykkr | sik | |||
dative | okkr | ykkr | sér | |||
genitive | okkar | ykkar | sín | |||
case | plural | plural masculine | plural feminine | plural neuter | ||
nominative | vér | ér, þér | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | oss | yðr | sik | þá | þær | þau |
dative | oss | yðr | sér | þeim | þeim | þeim |
genitive | vár | yðar, yðvar | sín | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra |
Descendants
- Icelandic: vér
- Faroese: vær
- Norwegian Nynorsk: me (< mér < erum vér)
- Elfdalian: wįð
- Jamtish: mæð
- Old Swedish: vīr, vī, ᚠᛁᚱ
- Swedish: vi
- → Norwegian: vi
- Old Danish: wii, wi
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- Gutnish: výr
References
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
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