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vala

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Fanagalo

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Etymology

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From Zulu -vala, from Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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vala

  1. to close, to shut

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *vala, from Proto-Uralic *wala.[1] Related to Lule Sami vuolle, Erzya вал (val, word) and Nganasan бәлы (bəlɨ).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑ̝lɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): va‧la

Noun

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vala

  1. oath
    • 19th century, (Julius Krohn?), “Vala”, in "Sotilaspoika", editor, Suomen sotilaan lauluja, 4th edition, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, published 1933:
      Kuullos pyhä vala kallis Suomen maa;
      Sinuun koskea ei väkivalta saa!
      Sua suojelemme, verin varjelemme,
      Ollos huoleton,
      Poikas valveill’ on.
      Hear now our sacred oath, dear Finland
      Never shall violence touch thee!
      We will defend thee, guard with our blood,
      So be free of worry,
      thy sons are awake.
Declension
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Inflection of vala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative vala valat
genitive valan valojen
partitive valaa valoja
illative valaan valoihin
singular plural
nominative vala valat
accusative nom. vala valat
gen. valan
genitive valan valojen
valain rare
partitive valaa valoja
inessive valassa valoissa
elative valasta valoista
illative valaan valoihin
adessive valalla valoilla
ablative valalta valoilta
allative valalle valoille
essive valana valoina
translative valaksi valoiksi
abessive valatta valoitta
instructive valoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of vala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative valani valani
accusative nom. valani valani
gen. valani
genitive valani valojeni
valaini rare
partitive valaani valojani
inessive valassani valoissani
elative valastani valoistani
illative valaani valoihini
adessive valallani valoillani
ablative valaltani valoiltani
allative valalleni valoilleni
essive valanani valoinani
translative valakseni valoikseni
abessive valattani valoittani
instructive
comitative valoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative valasi valasi
accusative nom. valasi valasi
gen. valasi
genitive valasi valojesi
valaisi rare
partitive valaasi valojasi
inessive valassasi valoissasi
elative valastasi valoistasi
illative valaasi valoihisi
adessive valallasi valoillasi
ablative valaltasi valoiltasi
allative valallesi valoillesi
essive valanasi valoinasi
translative valaksesi valoiksesi
abessive valattasi valoittasi
instructive
comitative valoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative valamme valamme
accusative nom. valamme valamme
gen. valamme
genitive valamme valojemme
valaimme rare
partitive valaamme valojamme
inessive valassamme valoissamme
elative valastamme valoistamme
illative valaamme valoihimme
adessive valallamme valoillamme
ablative valaltamme valoiltamme
allative valallemme valoillemme
essive valanamme valoinamme
translative valaksemme valoiksemme
abessive valattamme valoittamme
instructive
comitative valoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative valanne valanne
accusative nom. valanne valanne
gen. valanne
genitive valanne valojenne
valainne rare
partitive valaanne valojanne
inessive valassanne valoissanne
elative valastanne valoistanne
illative valaanne valoihinne
adessive valallanne valoillanne
ablative valaltanne valoiltanne
allative valallenne valoillenne
essive valananne valoinanne
translative valaksenne valoiksenne
abessive valattanne valoittanne
instructive
comitative valoinenne
Derived terms
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “vala”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋɑlɑˣ/, [ˈʋɑ̝lɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): va‧la

Verb

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vala

  1. inflection of valaa:
    1. present active indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular present imperative
    3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

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Galician

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Verb

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vala

  1. inflection of valar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈvɒlɒ]
  • Hyphenation: va‧la

Verb

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vala

  1. Archaic third-person singular indicative past form of van (to be). For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
    Synonym: (modern form) volt
    • 1844, Sándor Petőfi, János vitéz[3] (John the Valiant)[4] chapter 4, stanza 1, translated by John Ridland:[5]
      Mikorra a patak vize tükörré lett, / Melybe ezer csillag ragyogása nézett: / Jancsi Iluskáék kertje alatt vala; / Maga sem tudta, hogy mikép jutott oda.
      When the brook made a looking glass of its water, / In whose surface a thousand stars were a-glitter, / Johnny was standing at the foot of Nell's yard; / Though to tell how he'd come to it would have been hard. (literally: “… Johnny was at…”)

Conjugation

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See also

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Ingrian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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vala

  1. inflection of vallaa:
    1. present indicative connegative
    2. second-person singular imperative
    3. second-person singular imperative connegative

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 636

Northern Kurdish

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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vala

  1. empty

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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-vala

  1. (transitive) to close, to shut
    Antonym: -vula

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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vala n pl

  1. definite plural of val

Phuthi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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-vala

  1. to shut, to close

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

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Etymology

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From Latin valla.[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vala f (plural valas)

  1. ditch, trench

References

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  1. ^ vala”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 20032024
  2. ^ vala”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 20082024

Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish والله (vallâhi), from Arabic وَاللّٰه (wa-llāh).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʋǎlaː/
  • Hyphenation: va‧la

Adverb

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vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)

  1. (regional, Bosnia) truthfully, honestly

Interjection

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vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)

  1. (regional, Bosnia) by God!, begad, egad, by golly

Swazi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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-vala

  1. to close, to shut

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tongan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *lawa₃ (loincloth, skirt) (compare with Samoan lava-lava)[1] related to Proto-Polynesian *lawa₂ (compare with Maori whakarawa (to fasten), Hawaiian lawa (to bind), Tongan lalava (to braid with a sinnet, to wrap)) from Proto-Oceanic *lawaq₂ (spider) (compare with Fijian lawalawa (cobweb)) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq (spider) (compare with Malay labah-labah and lelabah, Tagalog alalawa)[2] Doublet of lavalava and lalava.

Noun

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vala

  1. clothes in general
  2. loincloth

References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “lawa3”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  2. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “lawa2”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online

Venda

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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vala

  1. to close, to shut
    Antonym: vula

Xhosa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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-vala

  1. (transitive) to close, to shut
    Antonym: -vula

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yami

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Etymology

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Compare Malay merah (red).

Noun

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vala

  1. red

Zou

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Vala khet.

Etymology

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From va (bird) +‎ la (feather).

Noun

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vala

  1. quail

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 66

Zulu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.

Verb

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-vala

  1. (transitive) to close, to shut
    Antonym: -vula

Inflection

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Tone L
Infinitive ukuvala
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuvala ukungavali
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular vala -vale
Plural valani -valeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyavala, ngivala engivalayo, engivala ngivala angivali engingavali ngingavali
2nd singular uyavala, uvala ovalayo, ovala uvala awuvali ongavali ungavali
1st plural siyavala, sivala esivalayo, esivala sivala asivali esingavali singavali
2nd plural niyavala, nivala enivalayo, enivala nivala anivali eningavali ningavali
Class 1 uyavala, uvala ovalayo, ovala evala akavali ongavali engavali
Class 2 bayavala, bavala abavalayo, abavala bevala abavali abangavali bengavali
Class 3 uyavala, uvala ovalayo, ovala uvala awuvali ongavali ungavali
Class 4 iyavala, ivala evalayo, evala ivala ayivali engavali ingavali
Class 5 liyavala, livala elivalayo, elivala livala alivali elingavali lingavali
Class 6 ayavala, avala avalayo, avala evala awavali angavali engavali
Class 7 siyavala, sivala esivalayo, esivala sivala asivali esingavali singavali
Class 8 ziyavala, zivala ezivalayo, ezivala zivala azivali ezingavali zingavali
Class 9 iyavala, ivala evalayo, evala ivala ayivali engavali ingavali
Class 10 ziyavala, zivala ezivalayo, ezivala zivala azivali ezingavali zingavali
Class 11 luyavala, luvala oluvalayo, oluvala luvala aluvali olungavali lungavali
Class 14 buyavala, buvala obuvalayo, obuvala buvala abuvali obungavali bungavali
Class 15 kuyavala, kuvala okuvalayo, okuvala kuvala akuvali okungavali kungavali
Class 17 kuyavala, kuvala okuvalayo, okuvala kuvala akuvali okungavali kungavali
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngivalile, ngivalē engivalile, engivalē ngivalile, ngivalē angivalanga engingavalanga ngingavalanga
2nd singular uvalile, uvalē ovalile, ovalē uvalile, uvalē awuvalanga ongavalanga ungavalanga
1st plural sivalile, sivalē esivalile, esivalē sivalile, sivalē asivalanga esingavalanga singavalanga
2nd plural nivalile, nivalē enivalile, enivalē nivalile, nivalē anivalanga eningavalanga ningavalanga
Class 1 uvalile, uvalē ovalile, ovalē evalile, evalē akavalanga ongavalanga engavalanga
Class 2 bavalile, bavalē abavalile, abavalē bevalile, bevalē abavalanga abangavalanga bengavalanga
Class 3 uvalile, uvalē ovalile, ovalē uvalile, uvalē awuvalanga ongavalanga ungavalanga
Class 4 ivalile, ivalē evalile, evalē ivalile, ivalē ayivalanga engavalanga ingavalanga
Class 5 livalile, livalē elivalile, elivalē livalile, livalē alivalanga elingavalanga lingavalanga
Class 6 avalile, avalē avalile, avalē evalile, evalē awavalanga angavalanga engavalanga
Class 7 sivalile, sivalē esivalile, esivalē sivalile, sivalē asivalanga esingavalanga singavalanga
Class 8 zivalile, zivalē ezivalile, ezivalē zivalile, zivalē azivalanga ezingavalanga zingavalanga
Class 9 ivalile, ivalē evalile, evalē ivalile, ivalē ayivalanga engavalanga ingavalanga
Class 10 zivalile, zivalē ezivalile, ezivalē zivalile, zivalē azivalanga ezingavalanga zingavalanga
Class 11 luvalile, luvalē oluvalile, oluvalē luvalile, luvalē aluvalanga olungavalanga lungavalanga
Class 14 buvalile, buvalē obuvalile, obuvalē buvalile, buvalē abuvalanga obungavalanga bungavalanga
Class 15 kuvalile, kuvalē okuvalile, okuvalē kuvalile, kuvalē akuvalanga okungavalanga kungavalanga
Class 17 kuvalile, kuvalē okuvalile, okuvalē kuvalile, kuvalē akuvalanga okungavalanga kungavalanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāvala engāvala ngāvala angivalanga engingavalanga ngingavalanga
2nd singular wāvala owāvala wāvala awuvalanga ongavalanga ungavalanga
1st plural sāvala esāvala sāvala asivalanga esingavalanga singavalanga
2nd plural nāvala enāvala nāvala anivalanga eningavalanga ningavalanga
Class 1 wāvala owāvala āvala akavalanga ongavalanga engavalanga
Class 2 bāvala abāvala bāvala abavalanga abangavalanga bengavalanga
Class 3 wāvala owāvala wāvala awuvalanga ongavalanga ungavalanga
Class 4 yāvala eyāvala yāvala ayivalanga engavalanga ingavalanga
Class 5 lāvala elāvala lāvala alivalanga elingavalanga lingavalanga
Class 6 āvala āvala āvala awavalanga angavalanga engavalanga
Class 7 sāvala esāvala sāvala asivalanga esingavalanga singavalanga
Class 8 zāvala ezāvala zāvala azivalanga ezingavalanga zingavalanga
Class 9 yāvala eyāvala yāvala ayivalanga engavalanga ingavalanga
Class 10 zāvala ezāvala zāvala azivalanga ezingavalanga zingavalanga
Class 11 lwāvala olwāvala lwāvala aluvalanga olungavalanga lungavalanga
Class 14 bāvala obāvala bāvala abuvalanga obungavalanga bungavalanga
Class 15 kwāvala okwāvala kwāvala akuvalanga okungavalanga kungavalanga
Class 17 kwāvala okwāvala kwāvala akuvalanga okungavalanga kungavalanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingavala ngingavala ngingevale ngingevale
2nd singular ungavala ungavala ungevale ungevale
1st plural singavala singavala singevale singevale
2nd plural ningavala ningavala ningevale ningevale
Class 1 angavala engavala angevale engevale
Class 2 bangavala bengavala bangevale bengevale
Class 3 ungavala ungavala ungevale ungevale
Class 4 ingavala ingavala ingevale ingevale
Class 5 lingavala lingavala lingevale lingevale
Class 6 angavala engavala angevale engevale
Class 7 singavala singavala singevale singevale
Class 8 zingavala zingavala zingevale zingevale
Class 9 ingavala ingavala ingevale ingevale
Class 10 zingavala zingavala zingevale zingevale
Class 11 lungavala lungavala lungevale lungevale
Class 14 bungavala bungavala bungevale bungevale
Class 15 kungavala kungavala kungevale kungevale
Class 17 kungavala kungavala kungevale kungevale
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizovala engizovala ngizovala angizuvala engingezuvala ngingezuvala
2nd singular uzovala ozovala uzovala awuzuvala ongezuvala ungezuvala
1st plural sizovala esizovala sizovala asizuvala esingezuvala singezuvala
2nd plural nizovala enizovala nizovala anizuvala eningezuvala ningezuvala
Class 1 uzovala ozovala ezovala akazuvala ongezuvala engezuvala
Class 2 bazovala abazovala bezovala abazuvala abangezuvala bengezuvala
Class 3 uzovala ozovala uzovala awuzuvala ongezuvala ungezuvala
Class 4 izovala ezovala izovala ayizuvala engezuvala ingezuvala
Class 5 lizovala elizovala lizovala alizuvala elingezuvala lingezuvala
Class 6 azovala azovala ezovala awazuvala angezuvala engezuvala
Class 7 sizovala esizovala sizovala asizuvala esingezuvala singezuvala
Class 8 zizovala ezizovala zizovala azizuvala ezingezuvala zingezuvala
Class 9 izovala ezovala izovala ayizuvala engezuvala ingezuvala
Class 10 zizovala ezizovala zizovala azizuvala ezingezuvala zingezuvala
Class 11 luzovala oluzovala luzovala aluzuvala olungezuvala lungezuvala
Class 14 buzovala obuzovala buzovala abuzuvala obungezuvala bungezuvala
Class 15 kuzovala okuzovala kuzovala akuzuvala okungezuvala kungezuvala
Class 17 kuzovala okuzovala kuzovala akuzuvala okungezuvala kungezuvala
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyovala engiyovala ngiyovala angiyuvala engingeyuvala ngingeyuvala
2nd singular uyovala oyovala uyovala awuyuvala ongeyuvala ungeyuvala
1st plural siyovala esiyovala siyovala asiyuvala esingeyuvala singeyuvala
2nd plural niyovala eniyovala niyovala aniyuvala eningeyuvala ningeyuvala
Class 1 uyovala oyovala eyovala akayuvala ongeyuvala engeyuvala
Class 2 bayovala abayovala beyovala abayuvala abangeyuvala bengeyuvala
Class 3 uyovala oyovala uyovala awuyuvala ongeyuvala ungeyuvala
Class 4 iyovala eyovala iyovala ayiyuvala engeyuvala ingeyuvala
Class 5 liyovala eliyovala liyovala aliyuvala elingeyuvala lingeyuvala
Class 6 ayovala ayovala eyovala awayuvala angeyuvala engeyuvala
Class 7 siyovala esiyovala siyovala asiyuvala esingeyuvala singeyuvala
Class 8 ziyovala eziyovala ziyovala aziyuvala ezingeyuvala zingeyuvala
Class 9 iyovala eyovala iyovala ayiyuvala engeyuvala ingeyuvala
Class 10 ziyovala eziyovala ziyovala aziyuvala ezingeyuvala zingeyuvala
Class 11 luyovala oluyovala luyovala aluyuvala olungeyuvala lungeyuvala
Class 14 buyovala obuyovala buyovala abuyuvala obungeyuvala bungeyuvala
Class 15 kuyovala okuyovala kuyovala akuyuvala okungeyuvala kungeyuvala
Class 17 kuyovala okuyovala kuyovala akuyuvala okungeyuvala kungeyuvala
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngivale ngingavali
2nd singular uvale ungavali
1st plural sivale singavali
2nd plural nivale ningavali
Class 1 avale angavali
Class 2 bavale bangavali
Class 3 uvale ungavali
Class 4 ivale ingavali
Class 5 livale lingavali
Class 6 avale angavali
Class 7 sivale singavali
Class 8 zivale zingavali
Class 9 ivale ingavali
Class 10 zivale zingavali
Class 11 luvale lungavali
Class 14 buvale bungavali
Class 15 kuvale kungavali
Class 17 kuvale kungavali
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngavala ngangavala, angavala, angangavala
2nd singular wavala wangavala, awavala, awangavala
1st plural savala sangavala, asavala, asangavala
2nd plural navala nangavala, anavala, anangavala
Class 1 wavala wangavala, akavala, akangavala
Class 2 bavala bangavala, abavala, abangavala
Class 3 wavala wangavala, awavala, awangavala
Class 4 yavala yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala
Class 5 lavala langavala, alavala, alangavala
Class 6 avala angavala, awavala, awangavala
Class 7 savala sangavala, asavala, asangavala
Class 8 zavala zangavala, azavala, azangavala
Class 9 yavala yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala
Class 10 zavala zangavala, azavala, azangavala
Class 11 lwavala lwangavala, alwavala, alwangavala
Class 14 bavala bangavala, abavala, abangavala
Class 15 kwavala kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala
Class 17 kwavala kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala

References

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