دم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dam.ma/

Verb

دَمَّ • (damma) I (non-past يَدُمُّ (yadummu), verbal noun دَمّ (damm))

1. to coat, to smear
2. to paint, to daub, to dye, to tint

Conjugation

    Conjugation of دَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive, verbal noun دَمّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						دَمّ damm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						دَامّ dāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَدْمُوم madmūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَمَمْتُ damamtu	دَمَمْتَ damamta	دَمَّ damma		دَمَمْتُمَا damamtumā	دَمَّا dammā		دَمَمْنَا damamnā	دَمَمْتُمْ damamtum	دَمُّوا dammū
	f		دَمَمْتِ damamti	دَمَّتْ dammat			دَمَّتَا dammatā			دَمَمْتُنَّ damamtunna	دَمَمْنَ damamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَدُمُّ ʔadummu	تَدُمُّ tadummu	يَدُمُّ yadummu		تَدُمَّانِ tadummāni	يَدُمَّانِ yadummāni		نَدُمُّ nadummu	تَدُمُّونَ tadummūna	يَدُمُّونَ yadummūna
	f		تَدُمِّينَ tadummīna	تَدُمُّ tadummu			تَدُمَّانِ tadummāni			تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَدُمَّ ʔadumma	تَدُمَّ tadumma	يَدُمَّ yadumma		تَدُمَّا tadummā	يَدُمَّا yadummā		نَدُمَّ nadumma	تَدُمُّوا tadummū	يَدُمُّوا yadummū
	f		تَدُمِّي tadummī	تَدُمَّ tadumma			تَدُمَّا tadummā			تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَدُمَّ, أَدُمِّ, أَدْمُمْ ʔadumma, ʔadummi, ʔadmum	تَدُمَّ, تَدُمِّ, تَدْمُمْ tadumma, tadummi, tadmum	يَدُمَّ, يَدُمِّ, يَدْمُمْ yadumma, yadummi, yadmum		تَدُمَّا tadummā	يَدُمَّا yadummā		نَدُمَّ, نَدُمِّ, نَدْمُمْ nadumma, nadummi, nadmum	تَدُمُّوا tadummū	يَدُمُّوا yadummū
	f		تَدُمِّي tadummī	تَدُمَّ, تَدُمِّ, تَدْمُمْ tadumma, tadummi, tadmum			تَدُمَّا tadummā			تَدْمُمْنَ tadmumna	يَدْمُمْنَ yadmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دُمَّ, دُمِّ, اُدْمُمْ dumma, dummi, udmum			دُمَّا dummā				دُمُّوا dummū
	f		دُمِّي dummī							اُدْمُمْنَ udmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُمِمْتُ dumimtu	دُمِمْتَ dumimta	دُمَّ dumma		دُمِمْتُمَا dumimtumā	دُمَّا dummā		دُمِمْنَا dumimnā	دُمِمْتُمْ dumimtum	دُمُّوا dummū
	f		دُمِمْتِ dumimti	دُمَّتْ dummat			دُمَّتَا dummatā			دُمِمْتُنَّ dumimtunna	دُمِمْنَ dumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَمُّ ʔudammu	تُدَمُّ tudammu	يُدَمُّ yudammu		تُدَمَّانِ tudammāni	يُدَمَّانِ yudammāni		نُدَمُّ nudammu	تُدَمُّونَ tudammūna	يُدَمُّونَ yudammūna
	f		تُدَمِّينَ tudammīna	تُدَمُّ tudammu			تُدَمَّانِ tudammāni			تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَمَّ ʔudamma	تُدَمَّ tudamma	يُدَمَّ yudamma		تُدَمَّا tudammā	يُدَمَّا yudammā		نُدَمَّ nudamma	تُدَمُّوا tudammū	يُدَمُّوا yudammū
	f		تُدَمِّي tudammī	تُدَمَّ tudamma			تُدَمَّا tudammā			تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَمَّ, أُدَمِّ, أُدْمَمْ ʔudamma, ʔudammi, ʔudmam	تُدَمَّ, تُدَمِّ, تُدْمَمْ tudamma, tudammi, tudmam	يُدَمَّ, يُدَمِّ, يُدْمَمْ yudamma, yudammi, yudmam		تُدَمَّا tudammā	يُدَمَّا yudammā		نُدَمَّ, نُدَمِّ, نُدْمَمْ nudamma, nudammi, nudmam	تُدَمُّوا tudammū	يُدَمُّوا yudammū
	f		تُدَمِّي tudammī	تُدَمَّ, تُدَمِّ, تُدْمَمْ tudamma, tudammi, tudmam			تُدَمَّا tudammā			تُدْمَمْنَ tudmamna	يُدْمَمْنَ yudmamna

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /damm/

Noun

دَمّ • (damm) m

1. verbal noun of دَمَّ (damma) (form I)
2. ointment, salve, unguent, liniment
3. paint
4. pigment, dye

Declension

Declension of noun دَمّ (damm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَمّ damm	الدَّمّ ad-damm	دَمّ damm
Nominative	دَمٌّ dammun	الدَّمُّ ad-dammu	دَمُّ dammu
Accusative	دَمًّا damman	الدَّمَّ ad-damma	دَمَّ damma
Genitive	دَمٍّ dammin	الدَّمِّ ad-dammi	دَمِّ dammi

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *dam-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *dam-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dam/

Noun

دَم • (dam) m (dual دَمَانِ (damāni) or دَمَيَان (damayān) or دَمَوَانِ (damawāni), plural دِمَاء (dimāʔ))

1. (uncountable) blood

Declension

Declension of noun دَم (dam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَم dam	الدَّم ad-dam	دَم dam
Nominative	دَمٌ damun	الدَّمُ ad-damu	دَمُ damu
Accusative	دَمًا daman	الدَّمَ ad-dama	دَمَ dama
Genitive	دَمٍ damin	الدَّمِ ad-dami	دَمِ dami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَمَيْن‎; دَمَيَيْن‎; دَمَوَيْن damayn‎; damayayn‎; damawayn	الدَّمَيْن‎; الدَّمَيَيْن‎; الدَّمَوَيْن ad-damayn‎; ad-damayayn‎; ad-damawayn	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Nominative	دَمَانِ‎; دَمَيَانِ‎; دَمَوَانِ damāni‎; damayāni‎; damawāni	الدَّمَانِ‎; الدَّمَيَانِ‎; الدَّمَوَانِ ad-damāni‎; ad-damayāni‎; ad-damawāni	دَمَا‎; دَمَيَا‎; دَمَوَا damā‎; damayā‎; damawā
Accusative	دَمَيْنِ‎; دَمَيَيْنِ‎; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni‎; damayayni‎; damawayni	الدَّمَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَيَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni‎; ad-damayayni‎; ad-damawayni	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Genitive	دَمَيْنِ‎; دَمَيَيْنِ‎; دَمَوَيْنِ damayni‎; damayayni‎; damawayni	الدَّمَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَيَيْنِ‎; الدَّمَوَيْنِ ad-damayni‎; ad-damayayni‎; ad-damawayni	دَمَيْ‎; دَمَيَيْ‎; دَمَوَيْ damay‎; damayay‎; damaway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَاء dimāʔ	الدِّمَاء ad-dimāʔ	دِمَاء dimāʔ
Nominative	دِمَاءٌ dimāʔun	الدِّمَاءُ ad-dimāʔu	دِمَاءُ dimāʔu
Accusative	دِمَاءً dimāʔan	الدِّمَاءَ ad-dimāʔa	دِمَاءَ dimāʔa
Genitive	دِمَاءٍ dimāʔin	الدِّمَاءِ ad-dimāʔi	دِمَاءِ dimāʔi

Related terms

• دَمَوِيّ (damawiyy)

Descendants

• Hijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)
• Maltese: demm
• Moroccan Arabic: دم (damm)
• → Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)
• → Swahili: damu

Etymology 4

Suggested by Hommel as inherited from a Proto-Semitic *dimm- (“wild cat”), but presumably borrowed from Ge'ez ድመት (dəmmat), because this is a Lockwort rare in literary Arabic and appears in the dialects only in northwest Yemen, whereas it overspreads all Ethiopian Semitic as the word for the cat; the compared Akkadian 𒁺𒈠𒈬 (du-ma-mu /⁠dumāmu, tumāmu⁠/, “leopard”) is considered probably a foreign borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dimm/

Noun

دِمّ • (dimm) m (plural دِمَم (dimam), feminine دِمّة (dimma)) (now only Yemen)

1. cat; wild cat

Declension

Declension of noun دِمّ (dimm)

Singular	Masculine			Feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمّ dimm	الدِّمّ ad-dimm	دِمّ dimm	دِمَّة dimma	الدِّمَّة ad-dimma	دِمَّة dimmat
Nominative	دِمٌّ dimmun	الدِّمُّ ad-dimmu	دِمُّ dimmu	دِمَّةٌ dimmatun	الدِّمَّةُ ad-dimmatu	دِمَّةُ dimmatu
Accusative	دِمًّا dimman	الدِّمَّ ad-dimma	دِمَّ dimma	دِمَّةً dimmatan	الدِّمَّةَ ad-dimmata	دِمَّةَ dimmata
Genitive	دِمٍّ dimmin	الدِّمِّ ad-dimmi	دِمِّ dimmi	دِمَّةٍ dimmatin	الدِّمَّةِ ad-dimmati	دِمَّةِ dimmati
Dual	Masculine			Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَّيْن dimmayn	الدِّمَّيْن ad-dimmayn	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْن dimmatayn	الدِّمَّتَيْن ad-dimmatayn	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Nominative	دِمَّانِ dimmāni	الدِّمَّانِ ad-dimmāni	دِمَّا dimmā	دِمَّتَانِ dimmatāni	الدِّمَّتَانِ ad-dimmatāni	دِمَّتَا dimmatā
Accusative	دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni	الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni	الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Genitive	دِمَّيْنِ dimmayni	الدِّمَّيْنِ ad-dimmayni	دِمَّيْ dimmay	دِمَّتَيْنِ dimmatayni	الدِّمَّتَيْنِ ad-dimmatayni	دِمَّتَيْ dimmatay
Plural	Masculine			Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote			sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِمَم dimam	الدِّمَم ad-dimam	دِمَم dimam	دِمَّات dimmāt	الدِّمَّات ad-dimmāt	دِمَّات dimmāt
Nominative	دِمَمٌ dimamun	الدِّمَمُ ad-dimamu	دِمَمُ dimamu	دِمَّاتٌ dimmātun	الدِّمَّاتُ ad-dimmātu	دِمَّاتُ dimmātu
Accusative	دِمَمًا dimaman	الدِّمَمَ ad-dimama	دِمَمَ dimama	دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin	الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti	دِمَّاتِ dimmāti
Genitive	دِمَمٍ dimamin	الدِّمَمِ ad-dimami	دِمَمِ dimami	دِمَّاتٍ dimmātin	الدِّمَّاتِ ad-dimmāti	دِمَّاتِ dimmāti

References

• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2005) Arabische Dialektgeographie. Eine Einführung (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 78) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 200
• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 326–329
• Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎^[1] (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 318–319
• Landsberger, Benno (1931) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[2] (in German), volume 40, page 296 / Nr. 2
• Landsberger, Benno (1934) Die Fauna des alten Mesopotamien nach der 14. Tafel der Serie ḪAR-RA = ḫubullu (Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; XLII. Nr. VI)‎^[3] (in German), Leipzig: Salomon Hirzel, pages 83–84
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 58
• Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Der hymnisch-epische Dialekt des Akkadischen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎^[5] (in German), volume 41, page 168 / Fn. 4

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

دُمْ • (dum) (form I) /dum/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of دَامَ (dāma)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /damm/

Noun

دَمّ • (damm) m (dual دَمّين (dammēn), plural دُمَّان (dummān))

1. blood

Laki

Noun

دم (dim)

1. (anatomy) mouth

Malay

Noun

دم (plural دم-دم or دم۲, informal 1st possessive دمکو, 2nd possessive دممو, 3rd possessive دمڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of dam

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /damm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

دم • (damm) m (plural دمايات (dmāyāt))

1. blood

   غلى فيه الدم.

   ḡlā fīh ed-damm.

   He got very angry.

   (literally, “The blood boiled inside of him.”)

   كان كله دمايات. ― kān kullu dmāyāt. ― He was covered in blood.

Persian

Etymology 1

From earlier دُنْب (dunb), see there for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dum]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪um]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪om]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪um]

Readings
Classical reading?	dum
Dari reading?	dum
Iranian reading?	dom
Tajik reading?	dum

Noun

Dari	دم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дум

دم • (dom)

1. tail

Derived terms

• کژدم (každom)
• بی‌دم (bi-dom)
• دمی (domi)
• دم اسبی (dom-e asbi)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: düm
• → Lezgi: ттум (t̄um)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dam), from Proto-Iranian *damH (“to blow, breathe; to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to blow”); compare Sanskrit धमति (dhámati, “to blow”), Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

Readings
Classical reading?	dam
Dari reading?	dam
Iranian reading?	dam
Tajik reading?	dam

Noun

Dari	دم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	дам

دم • (dam)

1. breath
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3126:

     چون که من من نیستم این دم ز هوست / پیش این دم هر که دم زد کافر اوست

     čôn ki man man nîstam ên dam za hû-st / pêš-i-ên dam har ki dam zad kâfir û-st

     Since I am not I, this breath (of mine) is from Him: in the presence of this breath if any one breathes (a word) he is an infidel.”

2. steam
3. moment

Related terms

• دمیدن (damidan)

Descendants

• → Armenian: դամ (dam)
• → Bengali: দম (dom)
• → Azerbaijani: dəm
• → Kazakh: дем (dem)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دم (dem)
  • Turkish: dem
• → Hindi: दम (dam)
• → Urdu: دم (dam)

Etymology 3

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

Readings
Classical reading?	dam
Dari reading?	dam
Iranian reading?	dam
Tajik reading?	dam

Noun

دم • (dam)

1. edge
2. blade

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äm]

Readings
Classical reading?	dam
Dari reading?	dam
Iranian reading?	dam
Tajik reading?	dam

Noun

دم • (dam)

1. (obsolete) blood

   Synonym: خون (xun)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /damm/, [dam]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

دمّ • (damm) m

1. blood

Derived terms

• تقيل الدمّ (tʔīl id-damm, “unpleasant, disagreeable, irritating”)

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit दम (dama).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

1. taming
2. self-restraint
3. self-control
4. temperance

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dam).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

1. breath
2. puff
3. whiff
4. life, vitality
5. energy, vigour
6. moment, instant
7. draught
8. elasticity
9. strength
10. ambition
11. pleasure

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit दम्भ (dambha). Cognate with Persian دم (dam).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

1. deceit
2. fraud
3. trickery
4. trick
5. coaxing
6. arrogance
7. pride
8. boasting

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Persian دَم (dam), from Arabic دَم (dam).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪əm/

Noun

دم • (dam) m (Hindi spelling दम)

1. blood

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Classical Persian دم (dum).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊm/

Noun

دم • (dum) f (Hindi spelling दुम)

1. tail
2. end
3. extremity
4. follower