dam

See also: Dam, dám, đảm, da̰m, and đầm

§Translingual

Wikipedia

§Symbol

dam

1. (metrology) Symbol for the decameter (decametre), an SI unit of length equal to 10¹ meters (metres).

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§English

Wikipedia

A dam

§Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /dæm/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: damn

§Etymology 1

From Middle English dam, damme, from Old English *dam, *damm (inferred from derivative fordemman (“to hem in”)), from Proto-Germanic *dammaz.

§Noun

dam (plural dams)

1. A structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow.

   A dam is often an essential source of water to farmers of hilly country.

   • 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, Lord Stranleigh Abroad^[1]:

     Nothing could be more business-like than the construction of the stout dams, and nothing more gently rural than the limpid lakes, with the grand old forest trees marshalled round their margins … .

   • 2013 August 16, John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 10, page 8: 

     Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by dams near their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.

2. (dentistry) A device to prevent a tooth from getting wet, consisting of a rubber sheet held with a band.
3. (South Africa, Australia) A reservoir.
4. A firebrick wall, or a stone, which forms the front of the hearth of a blast furnace.
5. (India) An obsolete Indian copper coin, equal to a fortieth of a rupee.
   • 1839, William Holloway (of Rye, in Sussex.), A general dictionary of provincialisms (link):

     ...A small Indian coin; whence comes the saying "I don't care a dam for you," that is I don't value you a farthing, and not as generally given, "I don't care a damn" or a "curse for you.

§Translations

structure placed across a flowing body of water

• Afrikaans: dam
• Albanian: pendë f, digë f
• Amharic: ግድብ (gədəb)
• Arabic: سَدّ m (sadd)
• Armenian: ամբարտակ (ambartak)
• Azeri: bənd (az), sədd, damba
• Belarusian: плаці́на (be) (placína), да́мба f (dámba)
• Bengali: বাঁধ (bãdh)
• Bulgarian: бент (bg) m (bent)
• Burmese: ရေကာတာ (my) (rekata)
• Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄙 (gadhā)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 壩 (zh), 坝 (zh) (bà), 水壩 (zh), 水坝 (zh) (shuǐbà)

• Czech: hráz (cs) f, přehrada (cs) f
• Danish: dæmning (da)
• Dutch: dam (nl) m
• Esperanto: akvobaraĵo
• Estonian: pais
• Finnish: pato (fi)
• French: barrage (fr) m
• Georgian: კაშხალი (kašxali), ჯებირი (ǰebiri), დამბა (damba)
• German: Damm (de) m
• Greek: φράγμα (el) n (frágma)
• Hebrew: סֶכֶר (he) m (sékher)
• Hindi: बाँध (bā̃dh)
• Hungarian: gát (hu)
• Icelandic: stífla f
• Ido: aquobarilo (io)
• Indonesian: bendungan (id), empang (id)
• Italian: argine (it) m, diga (it)
• Japanese: ダム (ja) (damu)
• Kazakh: бөгет (kk) (böget), дамба (damba)
• Khmer: ទំនប់ (km) (tumnup)
• Korean: 댐 (ko) (daem)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani: به‌ربه‌ست (ku)

• Kyrgyz: бөгөт (ky) (bögöt), дамба (ky) (damba)

• Lao: ຝາຍ (fāi), ເຂື່ອນ (lo) (khư̄an)
• Latvian: dambis (lv) m, aizsprosts (lv) m
• Lithuanian: užtvanka f, damba f
• Macedonian: бра́на f (brána), на́сип m (násip)
• Malay: empang, empangan, pengempang, ampang, bendung, bendungan, pembendung, tebat, tambak, tandup, alahan
• Maltese: diga
• Maori: matatara, pāwai
• Mongolian: далан (mn) (dalan), боомт (mn) (boomt)
• Navajo: dáʼdeestłʼin, tó beʼekʼid
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: demning

• Persian: سد (fa) (sadd)
• Polish: tama (pl) f, zapora (pl) f
• Portuguese: barragem (pt) f, represa (pt) f
• Romanian: baraj (ro) n
• Russian: плоти́на (ru) f (plotína), да́мба (ru) f (dámba), гать (ru) f (gatʹ), на́сыпь (ru) f (násypʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: насип m, брана f, гат m

  Roman: nasip (sh) m, brana (sh) f, gat (sh) m

• Shan: ၽၢႆ (pʰaaj1)
• Slovak: priehrada f
• Slovene: jez (sl) m
• Spanish: presa (es) f
• Tagalog: dam (tl)
• Tajik: сарбанд (sarband), дамба (damba)
• Tamil: அணை (ta) (aṇai)
• Tatar: буа (tt) (bua)
• Telugu: ఆనకట్ట (te) (ānakaṭṭa)
• Thai: เขื่อน (th) (kèuan)
• Turkish: baraj (tr), set (tr)
• Turkmen: bent (tk), damba
• Ukrainian: гре́бля f (hréblja), да́мба f (dámba)
• Urdu: بند
• Uzbek: toʻgʻon (uz), damba (uz)
• Vietnamese: đập (vi)
• Yiddish: דאַם m (dam)

§Verb

dam (third-person singular simple present dams, present participle damming, simple past and past participle dammed)

1. To block the flow of water.

§Translations

block

• Bulgarian: заприщвам (bg) (zaprištvam)
• Finnish: padota (fi)
• German: stauen (de), abdämmen (de), absperren

• Italian: imbrigliare
• Maori: pāpuni, puni
• Spanish: embalsar

§See also

• Dam on Wikipedia.en.Wikipedia

§Etymology 2

Variant of dame.

§Noun

dam (plural dams)

1. Female parent, mother, generally regarding breeding of animals (correlative to sire).
   • Shakespeare

     The dam runs lowing up and down, / Looking the way her harmless young one went.

   • 1603, John Florio, translating Michel de Montaigne, Essays, II.12:

     Hunters assure us, that to chuse the best dog, and which they purpose to keepe from out a litter of other young whelps, there is no better meane than the damme herselfe […].

   • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, I:

     she / Resolved that Juan should be quite a paragon, / And worthy of the noblest pedigree / (His sire was from Castile, his dam from Aragon) […].

   • 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, 1992, p.112:

     The sky was cloudless—the moon rolled across the surface like a lamb searching for its dam.

2. A kind of crowned piece in the game of draughts.

§Translations

female parent

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 母畜 (zh), 母兽

• Finnish: emä (fi)
• German: Muttertier (de)

• Japanese: メス (ja) (mesu), (for Bovidae) 牝 (ja) (めす, mesu), (for except of Bovidae) 雌 (ja) (めす, mesu)
• Latin: mātrix (la) f
• Malay: induk betina

§Anagrams

• adm. AMD, DMA, mad, MAD

§External links

• Dam in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.

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§Crimean Tatar

§Noun

dam

1. stable
2. roof
3. taste

§Declension

Declension of dam

nominative	dam
genitive	damnıñ
dative	damğa
accusative	damnı
locative	damda
ablative	damdan

§Synonyms

• (stable): aran
• (taste): lezet, nezet, tat, dad

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§Danish

§Etymology 1

From Old Norse dammr (“dam”).

§Noun

dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite damme)

1. pond

§Derived terms

• dambrug n

§Inflection

Inflection of dam

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dam	dammen	damme	dammene
genitive	dams	dammens	dammes	dammenes

§Etymology 2

From French jeu de dames (“draughts”).

§Noun

dam c, n

1. draughts, checkers

§Etymology 3

From French dame (“lady”).

§Noun

dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite dammer)

1. king (superior piece in draughts)

§Inflection

Inflection of dam

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dam	dammen	dammer	dammerne
genitive	dams	dammens	dammers	dammernes

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§Dutch

Wikipedia ^nl

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɑm/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑm

§Noun

dam m (plural dammen, diminutive dammetje n)

1. dam

§Derived terms

• stuwdam
• Amsterdam
• Rotterdam

§Verb

dam

1. first-person singular present indicative of dammen
2. imperative of dammen

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§French

§Etymology

From Latin damnum.

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɑ̃/

§Noun

dam m (plural dams)

1. (obsolete except in phrases) damage
2. (religion) damnation

§Derived terms

• au grand dam de

§Related terms

• dommage

§Anagrams

• AMD

§External links

• “dam” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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§Friulian

§Etymology

From Latin damnum.

§Noun

dam m (plural dams)

1. damage

§Synonyms

• daneç

§Related terms

• danâ

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§Lojban

§Rafsi

dam

1. rafsi of danmo.

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§Maltese

§Verb

dam

1. dally, stall

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§Norwegian

§Etymology

From Old Norse damm n, Middle Norwegian dammr m. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German.

§Noun

dam m

1. pond
2. the game of checkers
3. dam (structure)

§Inflection

    Inflection of dam

	indefinite singular	definite singular	indefinite plural	definite plural
Bokmål m	dam	dammen	dammer	dammene
Nynorsk m	dam	dammen	dammar	dammane

§References

• “dam” in The Bokmål Dictionary / The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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§Old Irish

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daṽ/

§Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *damos (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂-

§Noun

dam (genitive daim)

1. bull

§Declension

Declension of dam

Masculine o-stem
Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	dam	damL	daimL
Vocative	daim	damL	daumu
Accusative	damN	damL
Genitive	daimL	dam	damN
Dative	daumL	damaib
Forms marked L trigger lenition of a following adjective; forms marked N trigger nasalization.

• Alternative forms:

  genitive singular, nominative plural: doim

  dative singular: dum, dam

  accusative plural: dumu, damu

§Descendants

• Irish: damh
• Scottish Gaelic: damh

§Etymology 2

Inflected forms of daimid.

§Verb

dam

1. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of daimid
2. alternative form of daim

·dam

1. alternative form of ·daim

§Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
dam	dam pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndam
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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§Polish

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d̪ãm]

§Verb

dam

1. first-person singular present of dać

§Noun

dam

1. Genitive plural of dama

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§Rohingya

§Etymology

From Bengali.

§Noun

dam

1. price

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§Swedish

§Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /dɑːm/

§Noun

dam c

1. a lady, a woman
2. (card games) a queen

   Ruter dam

   Queen of diamonds

3. (chess) a queen

§Declension

Declension of dam

	singular		plural
Common	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dam	damen	damer	damerna
genitive	dams	damens	damers	damernas

§Related terms

damallsvenskan damavdelning dambadhus dambandy dambastu dambekantskap dambesök dambinda

dambjudning dambonde dambricka dambräde dambyxor damcykel damdubbel damfinal

damfotboll damfrisering damfrisör damfrisörska damgambit damgolf damhandboll damhatt

damidrott damig damighet damkappa damklass damkläder damknäppning damkonfektion

damkör damlag damlandslag dammiddag damorkester damrum damsadel damsenior

damsida damsingel damskidåkning damsko damspel damstafett damstrumpa damsällskap

damtidning damtoalett damtävling damunderkläder damväska hovdam

§Synonyms

• (in chess): drottning

§References

• dam in Svenska Akademiens Ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

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§Turkish

§Etymology

From Old Turkic tam, from Proto-Turkic *tām (“roof; wall; hut”).

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɑm/

§Noun

dam (definite accusative damı, plural damlar)

1. roof

§References

• *Tām Sergei Starostin, Vladimir Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages, Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers

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§Uzbek

§Noun

dam (plural damlar)

1. bellows