dać

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See also: dac, DAC, daC, DAc, đác, đạc, dąć, and đặc

Old Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dati. First attested in 1270.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /dat͡ɕ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /dat͡ɕ/

Verb[edit]

dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [+ z (genitive)]/[+ od (genitive) = from what]
  2. to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract to someone or something or somewhere)
  3. to lend; to give forever or for a certain period of time (by obligation or against payment)
  4. to give (to provide (something) to (someone), to allow or afford)
  5. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand)
  6. to give, to give off; to secret
  7. to vomit
  8. to move, to head somewhere
  9. to deliver; to send
  10. to send off, to make someone run away
  11. to send a matter to a higher authority
  12. to rely on the credibility of sworn persons
  13. to make; to cause (to cause to be)
  14. to let, to allow
  15. to designate
  16. to set a deadline or date; to schedule
  17. to command, to order
  18. (reflexive with się) to give in, to give up

Derived terms[edit]

nouns
particles
verbs
verbs

Related terms[edit]

adjective
nouns

Descendants[edit]

  • Masurian: dacz
  • Polish: dać
  • Silesian: dać

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish dać.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dat͡ɕ/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈdat͡ɕ/
  • Audio 1, dać(file)
  • Audio 2, dać się(file)
  • Rhymes: -at͡ɕ
  • Syllabification: dać

Verb[edit]

dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. (ditransitive) to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [+dative = to whom]
    Dałeś dzieciom obiad? ― Did you give lunch to the children?
    • 2014, “In the Absence ov Light”, performed by Behemoth:
      Nie wierzę ani w Boga, ani w Rozum! / Dość już tych Bogów! Dajcie mi człowieka!
      I don’t believe in God nor in Reason! / Enough of these Gods! Give me a person!
  2. (ditransitive) to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [+dative = to whom]
    Synonym: podać
  3. (ditransitive) to give (to allow someone to have access to, i.e. information) [+dative = to whom]
    Synonym: podać
  4. (transitive) to give, to put on (to be the performer of)
  5. (transitive) to give (to cause to exist, particularly something beneficial) [+dative = to whom]
  6. (transitive) to put (to place in a particular location)
    Synonym: podziać
  7. (transitive, colloquial) to pay (to cover a given cost) [+ za (accusative) = (paying) for what] [+ na (accusative) = for/toward what]
  8. (transitive) to give, to send, to put (to cause a given thing to go to a certain place to have something done to it)
  9. (transitive) to send (to decide that a person will go to a particular location and perform the typical activity at said location)
  10. (ditransitive, colloquial) to sell (to put into the ownership of someone else for a cost) [+dative = to whom]
    Synonym: sprzedać
  11. (ditransitive) to give (having the proper authority, to cause a state to affect someone) [+dative = to whom]
  12. (intransitive, colloquial) to hit (to use physical force against) [+dative = whom], [+instrumental = with what], [+ po (locative)] or [+ w (accusative) = where]
    Synonym: uderzyć
  13. (ditransitive) to give (to apply some substance on someone that will affect them) [+dative = to whom]
  14. (intransitive) to let, to allow [+dative = whom], [+infinitive = to do what]
    Synonym: pozwolić
    Daj mi posłuchać. ― Let me listen.
  15. (intransitive, colloquial) to turn (to cause something to change directions; to change directions)
  16. (intransitive, colloquial, of a woman) to put out; to consent to sex [+dative = for whom]
    Jak było u niego? Dałaś mu? ― How was it at his place? Did you put out?
  17. (intransitive, colloquial, of rain, snow, frost, etc.) to fall with intensity
  18. (reflexive with się, colloquial, chiefly in the negative) to let, to allow oneself (to permit a particular thing to happen to a person) [+dative = to whom/what]
  19. (reflexive with się) to be possible (to be able to be done) [+infinitive = to do what]
    Synonym: można
    Antonym: nie sposób

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of dać pf
person singular plural
masculine feminine neuter virile nonvirile
infinitive dać
future tense 1st dam damy
2nd dasz dacie
3rd da dadzą
impersonal da się
past tense 1st dałem,
-(e)m dał 		dałam,
-(e)m dała 		dałom,
-(e)m dało 		daliśmy,
-(e)śmy dali 		dałyśmy,
-(e)śmy dały
2nd dałeś,
-(e)ś dał 		dałaś,
-(e)ś dała 		dałoś,
-(e)ś dało 		daliście,
-(e)ście dali 		dałyście,
-(e)ście dały
3rd dał dała dało dali dały
impersonal dano
conditional 1st dałbym,
bym dał 		dałabym,
bym dała 		dałobym,
bym dało 		dalibyśmy,
byśmy dali 		dałybyśmy,
byśmy dały
2nd dałbyś,
byś dał 		dałabyś,
byś dała 		dałobyś,
byś dało 		dalibyście,
byście dali 		dałybyście,
byście dały
3rd dałby,
by dał 		dałaby,
by dała 		dałoby,
by dało 		daliby,
by dali 		dałyby,
by dały
impersonal dano by
imperative 1st niech dam dajmy
2nd daj dajcie
3rd niech da niech dadzą
passive adjectival participle dany dana dane dani dane
anterior adverbial participle dawszy
verbal noun danie

An alternative form of imperative 2nd person plural dajcie is the archaic/rural form dajta, apparently a remnant of the archaic redundant dual form.

Derived terms[edit]

adjective
adverbs
interjections
nouns
particles
phrases
proverbs
suffix
verbs
verbs

Related terms[edit]

adjectives
interjection
nouns

Related terms[edit]

adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 27 times in essays, 63 times in fiction, and 140 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 265 times, making it the 194th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 9 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 16 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 33 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 73 times, making it the 879th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “dać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “dać się”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68

Further reading[edit]

  • dać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dać się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “DAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.08.2022
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “dać”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[3]
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “dać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎[4]
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “dać, daci, dawać, dajać”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎[5] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 420
  • dać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish dać.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

dać pf (imperfective dŏwać)

  1. (ditransitive) to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract or concrete to someone or something or somewhere)
    Synonyms: przekŏzać, wrynczyć
  2. (transitive) to pass along (to send a message to)
    Synonyms: przekŏzać, poprosić
  3. (transitive) to let, to allow
    Synonyms: pozwolić, przizwolić
  4. (transitive) to give, to pay
    Synonyms: udać, zapłacić

Conjugation[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms[edit]

noun
verbs

Related terms[edit]

noun

Further reading[edit]

  • dac in dykcjonorz.eu
  • dać in silling.org

Upper Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti.

Verb[edit]

dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [+dative = to whom]
  2. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [+dative = to whom]
    Daj mi nóž. ― Give me a knife.
  3. to let, to allow [+dative = whom], [+infinitive = to do what]
    Daj jemu hić ― Let him go.
  4. (dialectal) to order, to tell someone to do something [+dative = someone]
    Da sebi zub wutorhnyć ― He ordered to have his tooth removed
  5. (reflexive with so) to start, to begin
    Jutře so do dźěła dam. ― I will start work tomorrow

Derived terms[edit]

interjections
verbs

Related terms[edit]

nouns
adjectives

References[edit]

  • Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978) Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Language] (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 142
  • Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “dać”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch‎[6] (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 105
  • “dać” in Soblex
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