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dać

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: dac, DAC, daC, DAc, đác, đạc, dąć, and đặc

Old Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei
Proto-Slavic *dàti
Old Polish dać

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dàti. First attested in 1270.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /dat͡ɕʲ/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /dat͡ɕʲ/

    Verb

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    dać pf (imperfective dawać)

    1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with z (+ genitive)]/[with od (+ genitive) ‘from what’]
    2. to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract to someone or something or somewhere)
    3. to lend; to give forever or for a certain period of time (by obligation or against payment)
    4. to give (to provide (something) to (someone), to allow or afford)
    5. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand)
    6. to give, to give off; to secret
    7. to vomit
    8. to move, to head somewhere
    9. to deliver; to send
    10. to send off, to make someone run away
    11. to send a matter to a higher authority
    12. to rely on the credibility of sworn persons
    13. to make; to cause (to cause to be)
    14. to let, to allow
    15. to designate
    16. to set a deadline or date; to schedule
    17. to command, to order
    18. (reflexive with się) to give in, to give up

    Derived terms

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    nouns
    particles
    verbs
    verbs
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    adjective
    nouns

    Descendants

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    • Polish: dać
    • Silesian: dać

    References

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    • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “dać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
    • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “dać”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
    • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “dać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “dać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-
    Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei
    Proto-Slavic *dàti
    Old Polish dać
    Polish dać

      Inherited from Old Polish dać.

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio 1; “dać”:(file)
      • Audio 2; “dać się”:(file)
      • Rhymes: -at͡ɕ
      • Syllabification: dać

      Verb

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      dać pf (imperfective dawać)

      1. (ditransitive) to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with dative ‘to whom’]
        Dałeś dzieciom obiad? ― Did you give lunch to the children?
        • 2014, “In the Absence ov Light”, performed by Behemoth:
          Nie wierzę ani w Boga, ani w Rozum! / Dość już tych Bogów! Dajcie mi człowieka!
          I don’t believe in God nor in Reason! / Enough of these Gods! Give me a person!
      2. (ditransitive) to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [with dative ‘to whom’]
        Synonym: podać
      3. (ditransitive) to give (to allow someone to have access to, i.e. information) [with dative ‘to whom’]
        Synonym: podać
      4. (transitive) to give, to put on (to be the performer of)
      5. (transitive) to give (to cause to exist, particularly something beneficial) [with dative ‘to whom’]
      6. (transitive) to put (to place in a particular location)
        Synonym: podziać
      7. (transitive, colloquial) to pay (to cover a given cost) [with za (+ accusative) ‘(paying) for what’] [with na (+ accusative) ‘for/toward what’]
      8. (transitive) to give, to send, to put (to cause a given thing to go to a certain place to have something done to it)
      9. (transitive) to send (to decide that a person will go to a particular location and perform the typical activity at said location)
      10. (ditransitive, colloquial) to sell (to put into the ownership of someone else for a cost) [with dative ‘to whom’]
        Synonym: sprzedać
      11. (ditransitive) to give (having the proper authority, to cause a state to affect someone) [with dative ‘to whom’]
      12. (intransitive, colloquial) to hit (to use physical force against) [with dative ‘whom’, along with instrumental ‘with what’, along with po (+ locative) or w (+ accusative) ‘where’]
        Synonym: uderzyć
      13. (ditransitive) to give (to apply some substance on someone that will affect them) [with dative ‘to whom’]
      14. (intransitive) to let, to allow [with dative ‘whom’ and infinitive ‘to do what’]
        Synonym: pozwolić
        Daj mi posłuchać. ― Let me listen.
      15. (intransitive, colloquial) to turn (to cause something to change directions; to change directions)
      16. (intransitive, colloquial, of a woman) to put out; to consent to sex [with dative ‘for whom’]
        Jak było u niego? Dałaś mu? ― How was it at his place? Did you put out?
      17. (intransitive, colloquial, of rain, snow, frost, etc.) to fall with intensity
      18. (reflexive with się, colloquial, chiefly in the negative) to let, to allow oneself (to permit a particular thing to happen to a person) [with dative ‘to whom/what’]
      19. (reflexive with się) to be possible (to be able to be done) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]
        Synonym: można
        Antonym: nie sposób
      20. (intransitive, Near Masovian) to poison [with dative ‘whom’]
        Synonym: otruć

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation of dać pf
      person singular plural
      masculine feminine neuter virile nonvirile
      infinitive dać
      future tense 1st dam damy
      2nd dasz dacie
      3rd da dadzą
      impersonal da się
      past tense 1st dałem,
      -(e)m dał       		dałam,
      -(e)m dała       		dałom,
      -(e)m dało       		daliśmy,
      -(e)śmy dali       		dałyśmy,
      -(e)śmy dały
      2nd dałeś,
      -(e)ś dał       		dałaś,
      -(e)ś dała       		dałoś,
      -(e)ś dało       		daliście,
      -(e)ście dali       		dałyście,
      -(e)ście dały
      3rd dał dała dało dali dały
      impersonal dano
      conditional 1st dałbym,
      bym dał       		dałabym,
      bym dała       		dałobym,
      bym dało       		dalibyśmy,
      byśmy dali       		dałybyśmy,
      byśmy dały
      2nd dałbyś,
      byś dał       		dałabyś,
      byś dała       		dałobyś,
      byś dało       		dalibyście,
      byście dali       		dałybyście,
      byście dały
      3rd dałby,
      by dał       		dałaby,
      by dała       		dałoby,
      by dało       		daliby,
      by dali       		dałyby,
      by dały
      impersonal dano by
      imperative 1st niech dam dajmy
      2nd daj dajcie
      3rd niech da niech dadzą
      passive adjectival participle dany dana dane dani dane
      anterior adverbial participle dawszy
      verbal noun danie

      An alternative form of imperative 2nd person plural dajcie is the archaic/rural form dajta, apparently a remnant of the archaic redundant dual form.

      Derived terms

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      adjective
      adverbs
      interjections
      nouns
      particles
      phrases
      proverbs
      verbs
      verbs
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      adjectives
      interjection
      nouns
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      adjectives
      adverb
      nouns
      verbs

      Trivia

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      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 27 times in essays, 63 times in fiction, and 140 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 265 times, making it the 194th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 9 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 16 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 33 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 73 times, making it the 879th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

      References

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      1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “dać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68
      2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “dać się”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68

      Further reading

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      Silesian

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-
      Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei
      Proto-Slavic *dàti
      Old Polish dać
      Silesian dać

        Inherited from Old Polish dać.

        Pronunciation

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        Verb

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        dać pf (imperfective dŏwać)

        1. (ditransitive) to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract or concrete to someone or something or somewhere)
          Synonyms: przekŏzać, wrynczyć
        2. (transitive) to pass along (to send a message to)
          Synonyms: przekŏzać, poprosić
        3. (transitive) to let, to allow
          Synonyms: pozwolić, przizwolić
        4. (transitive) to give, to pay
          Synonyms: udać, zapłacić

        Conjugation

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        This verb needs an inflection-table template.

        Derived terms

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        noun
        verbs
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        noun

        Further reading

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        • dac in dykcjonorz.eu
        • dać in silling.org

        Upper Sorbian

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dàti. Cognate with Lower Sorbian daś.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈdat͡ʃ/
        • Rhymes: -at͡ʃ
        • Hyphenation: dać
        • Syllabification: dać

        Verb

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        dać pf (imperfective dawać)

        1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with dative ‘to whom’]
        2. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [with dative ‘to whom’]
          Daj mi nóž. ― Give me a knife.
        3. to let, to allow [with dative ‘whom’ and infinitive ‘to do what’]
          Daj jemu hić ― Let him go.
        4. (reflexive with so) to start, to begin
          Jutře so do dźěła dam. ― I will start work tomorrow
        5. (reflexive with so) to attack [with accusative ‘someone’]

        Conjugation

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        Conjugation of dać (perfective)
        person singular dual plural
        virile nonvirile
        infinitive dać
        transgressive dawši
        present tense 1st dam damoj damy
        2nd daš dataj datej daće
        3rd da dataj datej dadźa
        past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
        2nd da daštaj daštej dašće
        3rd da daštaj daštej dachu
        imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
        2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
        3rd daj —
        active participle —
        passive participle daty
        ł-form dał
        verbal noun daće

        Verb

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        dać impf or pf

        1. (dialectal) to order, to tell someone to do something [with dative ‘someone’]
          Da sebi zub wutorhnyć ― He ordered to have his tooth removed

        Conjugation

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        Conjugation of dać (imperfective)
        person singular dual plural
        virile nonvirile
        infinitive dać
        transgressive dajo
        present tense 1st dam damoj damy
        2nd daš dataj datej daće
        3rd da dataj datej dadźa
        past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
        2nd daše daštaj daštej dašće
        3rd daše daštaj daštej dachu
        imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
        2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
        3rd daj —
        active participle —
        passive participle daty
        ł-form dał
        verbal noun daće
        Conjugation of dać (perfective)
        person singular dual plural
        virile nonvirile
        infinitive dać
        transgressive dawši
        present tense 1st dam damoj damy
        2nd daš dataj datej daće
        3rd da dataj datej dadźa
        past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
        2nd da daštaj daštej dašće
        3rd da daštaj daštej dachu
        imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
        2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
        3rd daj —
        active participle —
        passive participle daty
        ł-form dał
        verbal noun daće

        Derived terms

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        interjections
        verbs
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        adjectives
        nouns

        References

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        • Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978), Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Language] (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 142
        • Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “dać”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch‎[4] (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 105
        • “dać” in Soblex
        • “dać”, in Mudra corpus [Upper Sorbian–Czech dictionary] (in Czech), 2024–2026
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