گل
Bakhtiari
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian گله.
Suffix
[edit]گل (gel)
- A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.
- کرگل مین هونه بین
- korgel meīne howne bīn
- The boys were in the house
Khalaj
[edit]Noun
[edit]گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ, plural گُللار)
Declension
[edit]Laki
[edit]Noun
[edit]گل (gil)
Mazanderani
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Cognate to Classical Persian گرزه (garza, “rat”).
Noun
[edit]گل (gal)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Persian گل (gol). Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول (*vel).
Noun
[edit]گل (gël)
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.
Noun
[edit]گل • (gül)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: gül
- → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
- → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi) — Okordule
- → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
- → Romanian: ghiul
- → Serbo-Croatian: ђул/đul
- → Albanian: gjylë
References
[edit]- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rosa_%27Chicago_Peace%27.jpg/220px-Rosa_%27Chicago_Peace%27.jpg)
From late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡul]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡul]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | gul |
Dari reading? | gul |
Iranian reading? | gol |
Tajik reading? | gul |
- Rhymes: -ol
Noun
[edit]Dari | گُل |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | гул |
- flower
- (archaic, literary) rose
- 940-1020, فردوسی [firdawsī], شهنامه [šahnāma]:
- زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار
چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهار- zan-i šēr az ān nāma-yi šahryār
čū raxšanda-gul šud ba waqt-i bahār - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- zan-i šēr az ān nāma-yi šahryār
- 1325-1389, حافظ [hāfiz], دیوان حافظ [dēwān-i hāfiz]:
- صبحدم مرغ سحر با گل نوخاسته گفت
ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفت- subhdam murğ-i čaman bā gul-i nawxāsta guft
nāz kam kun ki dar īn bāğ basē čūn tū šukuft - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- subhdam murğ-i čaman bā gul-i nawxāsta guft
- the core of a watermelon (which is the sweetest part)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: جُلّ (jull)
- → Azerbaijani: gül
- → Bashkir: гөл (göl)
- → Bengali: গুল (gul)
- → Chagatai:
- → Gilaki: گل (gul)
- → Gujarati: ગુલ (gul)
- → Hindustani:
- → Ishkashimi: gul
- → Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
- → Kazakh: гүл (gül)
- → Khalaj: gul
- → Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
- → Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ
- → Northern Kurdish: gul
- → Ottoman Turkish: گل (gül), كل
- → Parachi: ګل (gul)
- → Pashto: ګل (gul)
- → Punjabi: ਗੁਲ (gul) / گل (gul)
- → Sanglechi: gɛl
- → Sarikoli: gəl
- → Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (gel)
- → Shughni: гул (gul)
- → Sindhi: گل (gulu)
- → Turkmen: gül
- → Wakhi: gul, gыl
- → Yazghulami: г̊ол (g̊ol)
- → Yidgha: گل (gul)
Etymology 2
[edit]
From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡil]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʲel̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡil]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | gil |
Dari reading? | gil |
Iranian reading? | gel |
Tajik reading? | gil |
Noun
[edit]Dari | گل |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | гил |
گل • (gel) (plural گلها (gel-hâ))
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Gujarati: ગિલ (gil)
References
[edit]- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]
Readings | |
---|---|
Iranian reading? | gol |
Noun
[edit]Dari | گول |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | گل |
Tajik | гол |
گل • (gol) (plural گلها (gol-hâ))
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]
Readings | |
---|---|
Dari reading? | gul |
Adjective
[edit]گل • (gul) (Dari, colloquial)
Derived terms
[edit]- گل کردن (gul kardan, “to turn off”)
Punjabi
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*grilla).
Proper noun
[edit]گِلّ • (gill) m or f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀮𑀳𑀸 (galahā) (Kalsi), from Sanskrit गर्हा (garhā).
Noun
[edit]گَلّ • (gall) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੱਲ)
Further reading
[edit]- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “گل”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਗਿੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- “ਗੱਲ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*grilla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 235
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “garhā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 218
Sindhi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]گُلُ • (gulu) m (Devanagari गुलु)
References
[edit]- Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “گُلُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gil).
Noun
[edit]گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)
Etymology 4
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).
Noun
[edit]گُل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)
- flower
- باغوں میں گُل کِھلے ہَیں۔
- bāġõ mẽ gul khile ha͠i.
- Flowers have bloomed in the gardens.
- rose
- گُلِ گُلْزار ― gul-i gulzār ― Rose from the flowerbed
Declension
[edit]Declension of گل | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | گل (gul) | گل (gul) |
oblique | گل (gul) | گلوں (gulō̃) |
vocative | گل (gul) | گلو (gulō) |
Derived terms
[edit]- گلبدن (gulbadan, “having a rosy body”)
- گلدان (guldān, “flowerpot; vase”)
- گلدستہ (guldastā, “bouquet”)
- گلگون (gulgūn, “rose-colored; pink”)
References
[edit]- Platts, John T. (1884) “گل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Bakhtiari lemmas
- Bakhtiari suffixes
- Bakhtiari terms with usage examples
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Laki lemmas
- Laki nouns
- Mazanderani lemmas
- Mazanderani nouns
- Mazanderani terms borrowed from Persian
- Mazanderani terms derived from Persian
- Mazanderani doublets
- mzn:Rodents
- mzn:Flowers
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Middle Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Persian/ol
- Rhymes:Persian/ol/1 syllable
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Persian literary terms
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian terms borrowed from English
- Persian terms derived from English
- Iranian Persian
- fa:Sports
- fa:Football (soccer)
- Persian adjectives
- Dari
- Persian colloquialisms
- Hazaragi
- fa:Football
- Punjabi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Prakrit
- Punjabi terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Punjabi terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi proper nouns
- Punjabi proper nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Punjabi masculine nouns
- Punjabi feminine nouns
- Punjabi nouns with multiple genders
- Punjabi surnames
- Punjabi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Punjabi terms derived from the Sanskrit root गर्ह्
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Punjabi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Aryan root *garźʰ-
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Punjabi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *garȷ́ʰ-
- Punjabi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Punjabi nouns
- Punjabi nouns in Shahmukhi script
- Sindhi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Sindhi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sindhi lemmas
- Sindhi nouns
- Sindhi nouns in Arabic script
- Sindhi masculine nouns
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Old Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *Hwardʰ-
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Urdu terms with usage examples
- Urdu nouns with declension
- ur:Flowers