存在

Chinese

		exist; deposit; store exist; deposit; store; keep; survive	(located) at; in; exist (located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing
simp. and trad. (存在)		存	在

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cúnzài

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun⁴ zoi⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhùn-chhai
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chûn-chāi / chûn-chǎi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cung⁵ do⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zen-ze

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cúnzài
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˊ ㄗㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cúnzài
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻun²-tsai⁴
    • Yale: tswún-dzài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tswentzay
    • Palladius: цуньцзай (cunʹczaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cyun⁴ zoi⁶
    • Yale: chyùhn joih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn⁴ dzoi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: qun⁴ zoi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɔːi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùn-chhai
    • Hakka Romanization System: cunˇ cai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cun² cai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn-chāi
    • Tâi-lô: tsûn-tsāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zunzai
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun¹³⁻²² t͡sai²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sun²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sun²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn-chǎi
    • Tâi-lô: tsûn-tsǎi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sun²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cung⁵ do⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshûng tŏ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ to³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen-ze
    • MiniDict: zen^去 ze
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen-ze
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² ze⁴⁴/

Verb

存在

1. to exist; to be; to be present

   不存在的東西，我怎麼能夠看得到？ [MSC, trad.]
   不存在的东西，我怎么能够看得到？ [MSC, simp.]

   Bù cúnzài de dōngxi, wǒ zěnme nénggòu kàn de dào? [Pinyin]

   How can I see that which does not exist?

Synonyms

• 在
• 存 (cún) (literary, or in compounds)
• 有
• 留存 (liúcún)

 

Related terms

• 並存／并存 (bìngcún)

Noun

存在

1. (philosophy) existence; being; presence

Derived terms

• 存在主義／存在主义 (cúnzài zhǔyì)
• 存在感 (cúnzàigǎn)
• 社會存在／社会存在 (shèhuì cúnzài)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
存	在
そん Grade: 6	ざい Grade: 5
on’yomi

Noun

存(そん)在(ざい) • (sonzai) 

1. existence

   私(わたし)は神(かみ)の存在(そんざい)を信(しん)じない。

   Watashi wa kami no sonzai o shinjinai.

   I don't believe God exists.

   彼(かれ)の存在(そんざい)は、我々(われわれ)に大(おお)きな助(たす)けとなるでしょう。

   Kare no sonzai wa, wareware ni ōkina tasuke to naru deshō.

   His presence will be a big help to us.

   彼(かれ)はようやく存在(そんざい)を認(みと)められた。

   Kare wa yōyaku sonzai o mitomerareta.

   He finally won recognition.

2. being; entity

   人間(にんげん)に恐怖(きょうふ)を与(あた)える存在(そんざい)

   ningen ni kyōfu o ataeru sonzai

   a being that strikes fear into the hearts of humans

   欠(か)かせない存在(そんざい)

   kakasenai sonzai

   indispensable thing

Verb

存(そん)在(ざい)する • (sonzai suru) suru (stem 存(そん)在(ざい)し (sonzai shi), past 存(そん)在(ざい)した (sonzai shita))

1. exist

   神(かみ)が存在(そんざい)するとは思(おも)いません。

   Kami ga sonzai suru to wa omoimasen.

   I don't believe God exists.

   神(かみ)は存在(そんざい)する。

   Kami wa sonzai suru.

   God exists.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "存在する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	存在し	そんざいし	sonzai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	存在し	そんざいし	sonzai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	存在する	そんざいする	sonzai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	存在する	そんざいする	sonzai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	存在すれ	そんざいすれ	sonzai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	存在せよ¹ 存在しろ²	そんざいせよ¹ そんざいしろ²	sonzai seyo¹ sonzai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	存在される	そんざいされる	sonzai sareru
Causative	存在させる 存在さす	そんざいさせる そんざいさす	sonzai saseru sonzai sasu
Potential	存在できる	そんざいできる	sonzai dekiru
Volitional	存在しよう	そんざいしよう	sonzai shiyō
Negative	存在しない	そんざいしない	sonzai shinai
Negative continuative	存在せず	そんざいせず	sonzai sezu
Formal	存在します	そんざいします	sonzai shimasu
Perfective	存在した	そんざいした	sonzai shita
Conjunctive	存在して	そんざいして	sonzai shite
Hypothetical conditional	存在すれば	そんざいすれば	sonzai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
存	在

Noun

存在 • (jonjae) (hangeul 존재)

1. Hanja form^? of 존재 (“existence”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
存	在

Verb

存在

1. chữ Hán form of tồn tại (“to exist”).