剣
Translingual
Traditional | 劍 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 剣 |
Simplified | 剑 |
Glyph origin
Unorthodox variant of 劍.
Han character
剣 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人人中弓 (OOLN) or 難人人中弓 (XOOLN), composition ⿰㑒刂)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 141, character 41
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2076
- Dae Jaweon: page 321, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 345, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5263
Chinese
For pronunciation and definitions of 剣 – see 劍 (“sword; sabre; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 劍). |
Japanese
剣 | |
劍 |
Kanji
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 劍)
Readings
- Go-on: こん (kon)←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)
- Kun: つるぎ (tsurugi, 剣, Jōyō)←つるぎ (turugi, 剣, historical)←つるき (turuki, 剣, ancient)
- Nanori: あきら (akira); つとむ (tsutomu); はや (haya); まやか (mayaka)
Compounds
Alternative forms
Kanji in this term |
---|
剣 |
けん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
劍 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology 1
/kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/
From Middle Chinese 劍 (MC kjaemH).
Compare modern Mandarin 劍/剑 (jiàn).
Pronunciation
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Noun
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- a sword, especially one with a double-edged blade
- swordsmanship
- Synonym: 剣術 (kenjutsu)
- a bayonet
- Synonym: 銃剣 (jūken)
- (entomology) a stinger
- (entomology) an ovipositor
- a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), with varying designs of double-edged blades
Usage notes
This term refers to swords in general.[1]
Derived terms
- 剣客 (kenkaku), 剣客 (kenkyaku, “swordsman, fencer”)
- 剣豪 (kengō, “master fencer, great swordsman”)
- 剣山 (kenzan)
- 剣士 (kenshi, “swordsman, fencer”)
- 剣術 (kenjutsu, “techniques of swordsmanship”)
- 剣槍, 剣鎗 (kensō)
- 剣道 (kendō): kendo, the Japanese martial art of the sword
- 剣難 (kennan)
- 剣呑 (kennon)
- 剣舞 (kenbu)
- 懐剣 (kaiken)
- 撃剣 (gekiken), 撃剣 (gekken)
- 三尺の剣 (sanjaku no ken)
- 真剣 (shinken)
- 聖剣 (seiken, “holy or sanctified blade or sword”)
- 短剣 (tanken)
- 月の剣 (tsuki no ken)
- 刀剣 (tōken)
- 十束の剣 (totsuka no ken)
- 木剣 (bokken, “wooden sword”)
- 名剣 (meiken)
Idioms
- 剣を売り牛を買う (ken o uri ushi o kau)
Proverbs
- 剣は一人の敵学ぶに足らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
- 剣を落として舟を刻む (ken o otoshite fune o kizamu)
Proper noun
- a male given name
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
剣 |
つるぎ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
劍 (kyūjitai) |
⟨turuki1⟩ → */turukʲi/ → /t͡suruɡi/
Shift from Old Japanese tsuruki,[2][1] itself of unknown derivation.
A surface analysis suggests that this might be a compound of 釣る, 吊る (tsuru, “to hang, as at one's side”) + ki, but there is no clear etymon for the ki portion. One possibility would be 牙 (“fang”), read as kiba in modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese but also appearing as ki in (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese contexts. Such usage might parallel the combined tooth and blade meanings of the term ha, spelled more specifically as 歯 (“tooth”) and 刃 (“blade”), with these two senses listed as cognates in Japanese dictionaries.[2][1]
More tentative suggestions have been connections to Austronesian, such as Tagalog suligi (“dart, short spear”), but such possibilities seem only speculative at present.
Pronunciation
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Noun
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- a sword
Usage notes
This term usually refers more specifically to double-edged swords, as opposed to the single-edged 刀 (katana).[1]
Derived terms
- 剣山 (Tsurugisan)
- 剣岳 (Tsurugidake)
- 剣太刀 (tsurugi-tachi), 剣の太刀 (tsurugi no tachi)
- 剣の枝 (tsurugi no eda)
- 剣の頭 (tsurugi no takami)
- 剣の舞 (tsurugi no mai)
- 剣の山 (tsurugi no yama)
- 剣羽 (tsurugiba)
- 天叢雲剣 (Ame no Murakumo no Tsurugi)
- 草薙剣 (Kusanagi no Tsurugi)
- 氷の剣 (kōri no tsurugi)
- 高麗剣 (Koma-tsurugi), 狛剣 (komatsurugi)
- 三尺の剣 (sanjaku no tsurugi)
- ダモクレスの剣 (Damokuresu no Tsurugi)
- 月の剣 (tsuki no tsurugi)
- 十束の剣 (totsuka no tsurugi)
- 八剣 (Yatsurugi)
Idioms
Proverbs
Proper noun
- a female given name
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Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
剣 |
まやか Grade: S |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
劍 (kyūjitai) |
Unknown. Japanese names often apply readings from other words to allude to different meanings.
Pronunciation
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Proper noun
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- a female given name
Coordinate terms
See also
- 諸刃 (moroha, “double edge”)
References
- CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms spelled with 剣
- Chinese variant forms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading こん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading こむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つるぎ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading つるぎ
- Japanese kanji with ancient kun reading つるき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あきら
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はや
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まやか
- Japanese terms spelled with 剣 read as けん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Entomology
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 剣
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Japanese terms spelled with 剣 read as つるぎ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese female given names
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Swords