妣

Translingual

Han character

妣 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女心心 (VPP), four-corner 4141₀, composition ⿰女比)

1. a posthumous name for mothers
   • The Book of Rites, Qu Li II, 122:

     生曰父、曰母、曰妻，死曰考、曰妣、曰嬪。

     While alive, the names of 'father', 'mother', and 'wife' are used; when they are dead, those of 'the completed one', 'the corresponding one', and 'the honored one'.

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6103
• Dae Jaweon: page 521, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1030, character 8
• Unihan data for U+59A3

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Chinese

trad.		妣
simp. #		妣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (比) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
梐	*piː, *biːʔ
狴	*piː
悂	*piː, *pʰi
螕	*piː
鎞	*piː
蓖	*piː
篦	*piː, *bis
批	*pʰiː
砒	*pʰiː
鈚	*pʰiː, *bi
磇	*pʰiː
媲	*pʰiːs
笓	*biː
膍	*biː, *bi
陛	*biːʔ
仳	*pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ
吡	*pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ
紕	*be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ
比	*piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ
妣	*piʔ, *pis
秕	*piʔ
沘	*piʔ, *bi
枇	*piʔ, *bi, *bis
粊	*pris
庇	*pis
屁	*pʰis
琵	*bi
毗	*bi
貔	*bi
豼	*bi
蚍	*bi
芘	*bi, *bis
肶	*bi
魮	*bi
阰	*bi
坒	*bis, *biɡ
玭	*bin

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǐ (bi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ
    • Wade–Giles: pi³
    • Yale: bǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bii
    • Palladius: би (bi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bei²
    • Yale: béi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí
    • Tâi-lô: pí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: pjijX

Rime
Character	妣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	卑履切
Baxter	pjijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/piX/
Shao Rongfen	/pjɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piX/
Li Rong	/piX/
Wang Li	/piX/
Bernard Karlgren	/piX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pijʔ/, /*pijʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*piʔ/, /*pis/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	妣	妣
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǐ	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pjijX ›	‹ pjijH ›
Old Chinese	/*pijʔ/	/*pijʔ-s/
English	deceased mother	deceased mother
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妣	妣
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	512	520
Phonetic component	比	比
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	匕	痹
Old Chinese	/*piʔ/	/*pis/
Notes		卑履切注又甫至切

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 妣

1. (literary) deceased mother

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Japanese

Kanji

妣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. [deceased] mother

Readings

• On (unclassified): ひ (hi)
• Kun: なきはは (nakihaha)

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Korean

Hanja

妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 妣 (tỉ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation