怡

Translingual

Han character

怡 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口 (PIR), four-corner 9306₀, composition ⿰忄台)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10470
• Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6021

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		怡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yí (yi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yí
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yí
    • Wade–Giles: i²
    • Yale: yí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji⁴
    • Yale: yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/

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• Middle Chinese: yi

Rime
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與之切
Baxter	yi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ/
Li Rong	/iə/
Wang Li	/jĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ yi ›
Old Chinese	/*lə/
English	cheerful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怡
Reading #	1/1
No.	12292
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	飴
Old Chinese	/*lɯ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 怡

1. harmony; pleasure; joy
2. cheerful; happy; joyous
3. contented; pleased

References

• “Query for 怡”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

怡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: い (i)
• Kan-on: い (i)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu, 怡ぶ)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
怡
い Hyōgaiji
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 怡 (MC yi).

Affix

怡(い) • (i) 

1. rejoice; enjoy

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 怡(い)怡(い) (ī)
• 怡(い)悦(えつ) (ietsu)
• 怡(い)然(ぜん) (izen)

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Korean

Hanja

怡 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 怡 (di)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.