滅
Translingual
Han character
滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵烕)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
- Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6EC5
Chinese
trad. | 滅 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 灭 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 滅 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *med) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:
The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mit6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): miè
- Eastern Min (BUC): miĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5miq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miè
- Wade–Giles: mieh4
- Yale: myè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mieh
- Palladius: ме (me)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mit6
- Yale: miht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mit9
- Guangdong Romanization: mid6
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: med
- Hagfa Pinyim: med6
- Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miè
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miĕk
- Sinological IPA (key): /mieʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 滅 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /miɛ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /miɛ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /nie⁵³/ /mie⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /miə²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /miə⁴²/ /niə⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /miɛ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /miɛ²¹/ | |
Xining | /mɨ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /nie¹³/ /mie¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /miə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /miɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /mie²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /mie³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /mie²¹/ | |
Kunming | /miɛ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /mieʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /miɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /miəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /miʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /miaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /miɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /miəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /miəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /mi²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /me²²/ |
Tunxi | /miɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /mie²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /mie²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /miɛʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /met̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /met̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /mit̚²/ |
Nanning | /mit̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /mit̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /biat̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /mieʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /miɛ⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /mik̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /mit̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: mjiet
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]et/
- (Zhengzhang): /*med/
Definitions
- to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer
- to be destroyed; to perish; to die
- to disappear; to vanish
- to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
- to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
- to alter (handwriting)
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: めち (mechi); めつ (metsu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: べつ (betsu)
- Kun: ほろびる (horobiru, 滅びる, Jōyō); ほろぼす (horobosu, 滅ぼす, Jōyō)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
滅 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 滅 (diệt, dột, riết)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 滅
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading めち
- Japanese kanji with goon reading めつ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading べつ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ほろ・びる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ほろ・ぼす
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters