滅

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See also: 灭

Template:character info/new

Translingual

Han character

滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵烕)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 642, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6EC5

Chinese

trad. 滅
simp. 灭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 滅
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (戌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滅 *med
搣 *med
烕 *hmed
戌 *smid
珬 *smid
銊 *smid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *med) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:

  • 烕 (OC *hmed, “to destroy; to cause destruction”)
  • 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd, “to destroy”)

The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 滅
Mandarin Beijing /miɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /miɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /nie⁵³/
/mie⁵³/
Jinan /miə²¹/
Qingdao /miə⁴²/
/niə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /miɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /miɛ²¹/
Xining /mɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /nie¹³/
/mie¹³/
Lanzhou /miə¹³/
Ürümqi /miɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mie²¹³/
Chengdu /mie³¹/
Guiyang /mie²¹/
Kunming /miɛ³¹/
Nanjing /mieʔ⁵/
Hefei /miɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /miəʔ²/
Pingyao /miʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /miaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /miɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /miəʔ³/
Hangzhou /miəʔ²/
Wenzhou /mi²¹³/
Hui Shexian /me²²/
Tunxi /miɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mie²⁴/
Xiangtan /mie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /miɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /met̚⁵/
Taoyuan /met̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mit̚²/
Nanning /mit̚²²/
Hong Kong /mit̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /biat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /miɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /mik̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mit̚³/
Rime
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 薛 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 亡列切
Baxter mjiet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/miᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/miat̚/
Li
Rong 		/miɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/mĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		miè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mit6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		miè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjiet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[m]et/
English destroy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 滅
Reading # 1/1
No. 13942
Phonetic
component 		戌
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		滅
Old
Chinese 		/*med/
Notes 烕轉註

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 滅

  1. to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer
  2. to be destroyed; to perish; to die
  3. to disappear; to vanish
  4. to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
  5. to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
  6. to alter (handwriting)

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

滅

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. destroy
  2. fall; collapse; be destroyed
  3. die; perish; disappear

Readings

Compounds

Template:mid4

Template:mid4

Template:mid4

Korean

Hanja

滅 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 滅 (diệt, dột, riết)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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