災
|
Translingual
Han character
災 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女女火 (VVF), four-corner 22809, composition ⿱巛火)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18879
- Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2190, character 6
- Unihan data for U+707D
Chinese
trad. | 災 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 灾 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): căi
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zai
- Wade–Giles: tsai1
- Yale: dzāi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
- Palladius: цзай (czaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoi1
- Yale: jōi
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi1
- Guangdong Romanization: zoi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi
- Hakka Romanization System: zaiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zai1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: căi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- che/cher - vernacular;
- chai - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³³/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 災 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡sai²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡sɛ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sɛ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sai²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡sai²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡sɛ³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡sæ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡sae³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡se̞²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sai¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sæ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sɛ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡se⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡se̞⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡se̞³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡se³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sɛ³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sə¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sai³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡sai³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sai⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sɑi²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sɔi⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sai⁵⁵/ /t͡se⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sai⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡suɛ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sai³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sai²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsoj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯː/
Definitions
- calamity; disaster; catastrophe
- stricken; disaster-affected; disaster-afflicted
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
- Kun: わざわい (wazawai, 災い, Jōyō)←わざはひ (wazafafi, 災ひ, historical)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
災 |
さい Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 災/灾 (tsoj, “calamity”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
- an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Usage notes
Seldom used on its own. Most often used in compounds.
Derived terms
- 災害 (saigai): disaster, calamity (emphasis on the damage therefrom)
- 災難 (sainan): misfortune, disaster, catastrophe
- 火災 (kasai): conflagration, fire
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
災 |
わざわい Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
/wazapapi/ → /wazaɸaɸi/ → /wazawahi/ → /wazawai/
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 業 (waza, “deed, doings”), in reference to the doings of the 神 (kami, “gods, spirits”) + 這い (hai, “spreading widely”, literally “crawling”).[1] Compare the etymology of 幸 (sakiwai, “good fortune”). Compare also the connotations of the English term act of God in reference to disasters.
Often spelled 災い with the trailing okurigana い to make the reading more explicit.
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
災 • (wazawai) ←わざはひ (wazafafi)?
- an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Idioms
- 災を転じて福と為す (wazawai o tenjite fuku to nasu): “to turn a calamity into good fortune”
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
災 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 災 (tai)
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- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement block
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading わざわ・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading わざは・ひ
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