砂

Translingual

Han character

砂 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口火竹 (MRFH), four-corner 1962₀, composition ⿰石少)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24046
• Dae Jaweon: page 1242, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2420, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7802

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		砂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (沙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
硰	*ʔsaːlʔ, *sʰaːlʔ, *sraːl
娑	*saːl, *saːlʔ
挱	*saːl, *sraːl
挲	*saːl
桫	*saːl
渻	*saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
沙	*sraːl, *sraːls
紗	*sraːl
砂	*sraːl
鯊	*sraːl
裟	*sraːl
桬	*sraːl
髿	*sraːl, *soːl
魦	*sraːl, *soːl
莎	*soːl
莏	*soːl

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soa / see / se / sa
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹so

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sha
    • Wade–Giles: sha¹
    • Yale: shā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • Palladius: ша (ša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saa¹
    • Yale: sā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sa¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sa²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa
    • Tâi-lô: sua
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sua⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sua³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: see
    • Tâi-lô: see
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se
    • Tâi-lô: se
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /se⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa
    • Tâi-lô: sa
    • Phofsit Daibuun: saf
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴/

Note:

• soa/see/se - vernacular;
• sa - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹so
    • MiniDict: so^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹so
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /so⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: srae

Rime
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所加切
Baxter	srae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʃa/
Wang Li	/ʃa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sraːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砂
Reading #	1/1
No.	11027
Phonetic component	沙
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鯊
Old Chinese	/*sraːl/
Notes	俗沙字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 砂

1. sand, (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 沙.
2. extremely mushy and/or rough (as sand), texture of a watermelon of good quality, (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 沙.

   砂糖 and 硒砂瓜

---

Japanese

Kanji

砂

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}
• Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
• Kun: すな (suna, 砂, Jōyō); いさご (isago, 砂)

Compounds

• 砂(さ)金(きん) (sakin, “gold dust”)
• 砂(さ)漣(れん) (saren, “sand ripple”)
• 砂(さ)漏(ろう) (sarō, “hourglass”)
• 砂(じゃ)利(り) (jari, “gravel; child”), 砂(ざ)利(り) (zari, “gravel”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
砂
すな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Noun

砂(すな) • (suna) 

1. sand

Derived terms

• 砂(すな)時(ど)計(けい) (sunadokei, “hourglass”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
砂
いさご Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Noun

砂(いさご) • (isago) 

1. sand

---

Korean

Hanja

砂 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 砂 (sa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Yonaguni

Kanji

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana ちな, romaji china)

1. sand

---

Yoron

Kanji

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 砂 (suna).

Noun

砂 (hiragana しな, romaji shina)

1. sand